Impairment in Memory Reconsolidation: Effectiveness of high Working Memory Load on Heroin Craving and Visual-Emotional Vividness of Heroin-Related Memories

Activation of drug-related memories triggers reconsolidation, and imposing a high working memory load disrupts this process, weakening memory and consequently reducing cravings and the likelihood of relapse into addiction.

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a high working memory load method in reducing cravings and the emotional vividness of drug-related memories in individuals with heroin use disorder.

This quasi-experimental study utilized a pre-test-post-test design with a control group, focusing on patients undergoing heroin addiction treatment via detoxification in Qom province. A judgmental sampling method was employed, with clinical interviews for screening. Fifty males were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. Data collection involved a demographic questionnaire, a structured DSM-5 diagnostic interview, a visual computerized craving test, a visual analogue scale for induced craving, and scales for visual vividness and emotion. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24, applying multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures and a significance level of P<0.05.

In the post-test, the experimental group had a mean craving score of 33.20±5.461, while the control group had a score of 72.80 ± 5.395, showing a significant difference (P<0.0001). For visual vividness, the experimental group’s mean was 62.80±6.989 compared to the control group’s 98.40±5.420, also significant (P=0.001). Additionally, the emotional vividness scores were identical to the visual vividness scores, with the experimental group at 62.80 ± 6.989 and the control group at 98.40 ± 5.420, again significant (P<0.0001).

This research indicates that disruptions in memory reconsolidation related to working memory effectively reduce triggered cravings and the emotional intensity of heroin memories, potentially decreasing relapse rates. These findings could enhance addiction treatment strategies for maintaining abstinence.