Integrating Fuzzy Logic and Numerical Modeling for Analyzing Wave Patterns: A Study of the Makran Coastline

The Makran coastline, a strategic maritime region, has remained understudied regarding its hydrodynamic behavior. This study applies numerical simulations to analyze wave patterns in the northern Gulf of Oman, focusing on wave height (HS), power (P), and mean wave direction (MWD) through Fuzzy Logic transformation and overlaying techniques. Seasonal and annual variations reveal that HS ranges from 0.07 to 1.9 m, peaking during the summer with an average of 0.7 m, while winter and spring exhibit calmer conditions with an average HS of 0.4 m. Wave power (P) shows a marked increase in summer, reaching up to 10.2 kW/m, with an annual mean ranging from 0.02 to 5.3 kW/m. Wave direction shifts seasonally, predominantly from 171° to 247° during winter and spring, and between 189° to 191° in summer and autumn. Spatial analysis highlights intensified hydrodynamic activity in the eastern region, influenced by oceanic conditions and the monsoon, while the western sector remains relatively calmer. Omega-shaped coasts and bays demonstrate more stable conditions, whereas headlands and capes experience significant hydrodynamic intensification. These findings provide critical insights for coastal management and sustainable development, enabling policymakers to balance maritime potential with risk mitigation. By integrating hydrodynamic dynamics into coastal planning, resilient strategies can be established for the sustainable utilization of the Makran region’s resources.