Analysis of the effect of coating the piston crown with ceramic material on the mechanical behavior of four-cylinder diesel engine components using the finite element method

With the invention of internal combustion engines in the late 19th century, a tremendous transformation in the field of transportation occurred, paving the way for acceleration in all human endeavors. Consequently, internal combustion engines have continuously advanced, with industry players competing and innovating in this sector. Various industries have shown a noticeable interest in creative approaches to design and improve the quality and performance of these engines. Internal combustion engines can be broadly categorized into gasoline and diesel engines. Marine diesel engines, like gasoline engines, are internal combustion or internal ignition engines that convert chemical energy from fuel into thermal energy inside the cylinder and then convert thermal energy into the mechanical energy required for ignition generation. The importance and necessity of using diesel engines in various industries, especially in maritime applications, are undeniable, as the focus of this research. The field of diesel engines is considered one of the crucial components of a country's industrial and scientific self-reliance and ignition, with the measurement of a nation's capacity and ignition in various sectors, from politics and economics to defense and military, being dependent on the knowledge, analysis, design, and production of equipment and tools that are internationally competitive. Key parameters that play a significant role in selecting engines include size, ignition, and how they perform in various applications. An engine's ignition level and appropriate performance are directly related to optimal design and understanding the forces and stresses applied to the engine components during operation. The primary objective of this project is to perform a mechanical analysis of the piston, connecting rod, and crankshaft in a 150-horse-ignition marine diesel engine, to improve thermal performance and enhance engine efficiency. To achieve this, an in-depth study will be conducted, using available diagrams to analyze these components, and the results obtained will be used to evaluate strategies for reducing thermal stresses and increasing efficiency. Ultimately, based on the research data, it can be concluded that the quenching process on the piston crown with a ceramic material reduces the maximum stress by an average of 40% for the critical element in four phases: compression, combustion, and exhaust. As a result, it increases the reliability coefficient by 23% for the critical element in the ignition phase.