Numerical and experimental investigation of synchronic wavy tubercles method in improving propeller aerodynamic performance

This research aims to enhance propeller performance, a critical aspect of avian propulsion systems, without altering the original design of various propeller types. The study explores a method to improve the efficiency of wavy edges, inspired by nature, by creating an inherent pitch change along a 45.7 cm diameter wooden blade. Both numerical and experimental methods were utilized. The numerical approach involved simulating a rotating reference frame and solving the Navier-Stokes equations using the K-ω-SST method to calculate stress expressions in the momentum equation. The analysis demonstrated good accuracy in estimating performance coefficients compared to experimental tests. The experimental tests were conducted in a subsonic wind tunnel, with a propeller surface to test section ratio of 0.2, covering a range of the propeller’s functional advance ratio. Data on torque and thrust coefficients were acquired using a balance connected to a brushless motor. Results indicated an increase in propeller efficiency with specific wavelength values and amplitudes, showing a 5.5% increase in the advance ratio according to the flight range compared to the original propeller.