petroleum coke, coking process and applications

Delayed coking is a thermal cracking, polymerization and condensation process in which a heavy petroleum feedstock is converted into gases, liquids, and a high carbon solid material called "coke". Based on feedstock’s used in process, several types of products are produced such as: Shot coke, Sponge coke and Needle coke. The physical structure and purity of the coke determines its use.[1] In this article the petroleum coke and its production rate in the world will be surveyed and in the next section the types and applications of petroleum coke in various industries will be reviewed. Increasing the global demand of petroleum, existence of many heavy feedstock's in country, the keeping problems of heavy feedstock's and their pollution problems, importing the petroleum coke and many dependent products are the main reasons, why the funding in construction of delayed coking unit our country seems inevitable. It is necessary to mention that the second section of this survey the delayed coking process and design parameters of process will be surveyed with details. In the third section of this survey chemical reactions in delayed coking process will be discussed.