An overview of artificial intelligence applications in the operating room

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming an emerging tool in medicine and more recently in the operating room. Existing research mainly focuses on the possibilities and future expectations of AI in surgery. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of current applications of AI to support processes within the operating room. Articles describing applications of AI in surgery were reviewed. Several applications of AI in the operating room were reviewed, including surgery duration prediction, gesture recognition, intraoperative cancer detection, intraoperative video analysis, surgical nodule detection, and automated bone registration in orthopedic surgery. Current applications of AI are still in their early stages but have great potential to improve surgical accuracy, provide guidance in decision-making, and increase surgical safety. However, the integration of AI in the operating room faces several challenges, including regulatory issues, ethical considerations, and the need for clinical approval. Future research should focus on clinical validation, legal considerations, and pathways for implementing AI in the operating room.