Development of a Multi-objective Optimization Model under Uncertainty for Water and Energy nexus Management in the Sefidroud Irrigation and Drainage Network

This study investigates the optimal management of water and energy resources in the Sefidroud irrigation and drainage network of Guilan province. Given the critical role of these resources in agriculture, along with water scarcity and increasing food demands, the need for an integrated approach is becoming more evident. A multi-objective optimization model under uncertainty was developed for this study, aiming to minimize agricultural water shortages and maximize hydropower generation from the Sefidroud reservoir dam. The developed model was solved using the NSGA-II algorithm, and the irrigation requirements for rice and tea were calculated based on the soil-water balance method. The results indicate that water shortages vary across different confidence levels, with the central irrigation zone experiencing the highest deficit. Additionally, rice cultivation, especially in June and July, faces more significant water shortages, whereas tea cultivation does not encounter major water scarcity issues. This research highlights the necessity of optimal resource management and precise planning to prevent water shortages during critical months. The findings have the potential to inform effective decision-making aimed at sustainable agricultural development.