The Taxonomy of Logical Fallacies Mentioned in the Qur'an

In the path of thinking, the most foundational peril is to be entrapped by fallacies that hide falsehood in the guise of truth. As a critical mistake in thinking and argument procedure, fallacies perpetuate entanglement with double ignorance. Neglecting the possible mistakes in the content and form of an argument as well as issues that go beyond argument impede human reason from a realistic point of view. An infallible text according to Muslims’ doctrines, the Holy Qur’an is the best guide to explore how one can face the adversaries’ fallacies. In this revealed book, varieties of fallacies are mentioned particularly when it comes to how the adversaries encountered with prophet’s calls to faith. To acquire sound thinking, it is mandatory to identify different types of fallacies mentioned in the Quran. To do so, one can benefit from how prophets, and most particularly Prophet Muhammad, dealt with fallacies. Referring to the last revealed book, this article enumerates the most significant fallacies uttered by the adversaries. It comes to the conclusion that inspired by the Truth, prophets took a proper way to face the adversary, which, in turn, can serve as a model for humanity, particularly Muslims, in dealing with fallacies.