Evaluation of the Spatial Geometry of the Historical Mosques of Qom with an Emphasis on Semantics

The adherence to the qibla axis, regarded as a spiritual focal point and a sequence-determining element in mosque hierarchy, has consistently been a core principle in mosque design. This research aims to examine the influence of the qibla axis on the spatial and structural configuration of mosques, focusing particularly on historical mosques in the city of Qom. It analyzes the movement hierarchy and spatial axis from the entrance to the alignment with the qibla direction. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method, gathering data through library resources, cartographic analysis, and document review. The findings reveal that the design, geometry, spatial organization, and entrance orientation in most mosques in Qom reflect a strict adherence to hierarchical principles and the prominent influence of the qibla axis. The mosques are categorized into two types: uniaxial and biaxial.