Development and validation of academic resilience questionnaire for first grade students (parent form)

 The beginning of the first school year for some students is not without struggles and tensions compared to other students, and it is accompanied by challenges; therefore, academic resilience can play a key role in their level of adaptation. This research was conducted with the aim of constructing and finding the psychometric characteristics of the Academic Resilience Questionnaire (Parent Form) for first-grade students in the city of Babol.

This research was conducted using the descriptive- survey method. The statistical population consisted of all parents of first-grade elementary school students in the city of Babol (Mazandaran province) in the academic year 2021-2022 (N=6150), from which 517 parents were selected using cluster sampling and responded to the Academic Resilience Questionnaire. To develop the questionnaire, necessary items were extracted through literature research and interviews with experts, and their feedback was incorporated over several stages. In the next phase, the content validity index and the content validity ratio were obtained using ten specialists. The minimum and maximum content validity ratios for each item were calculated as 0.62 and 1, respectively, and the minimum and maximum content validity index for each item were found as 0.87 and 1. Finally, the Academic Resilience Questionnaire was administered to the final sample. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and for the reliability assessment, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest methods were used. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS - 22 and Lisrel -8.5.

The results in the validity section of the questionnaire showed that this tool has face, content, and factor validity, and has desirable test-retest and Cronbach's alpha reliability. Exploratory factor analysis showed that four factors of resilience, emotional regulation, autonomy, and adaptability with an eigenvalue higher than 1 were able to explain 62.65% of the variance of the items. The results of first and second order confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit index was at a desirable level. Cronbach's alpha was 0.82 for the entire scale and greater than 0.7 for each factor.

Based on the finding of this research, it can be concluded that the Academic Resilience Questionnaire for first-grade elementary school students (Parent Form) possesses appropriate validity and reliability and can be used as a valid tool for assessing the academic resilience of first-grade elementary school students.