Analysis of Visual Perception Based on Gestalt theory of perception in Naqsh-e Jahan Square, Isfahan

Our main goal in this article is to explore the phenomenological understanding of space and identify the essence and beauty of the artistic structures in Naqsh-e Jahan Square. We aim to enhance the sense of human identity and quality-oriented approach in contrast to the modern era's feelings of loss, alienation, and quantification. Due to its geographical and historical significance, Naqsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan serves as a crucial cultural, social, and historical hub that attracts a large number of tourists, both domestic and international. By examining the principles of Gestalt in its design, we analyze how these principles are implemented in the square. Naqsh-e Jahan Square, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is renowned for its grandeur and architectural significance. Despite extensive research on the square, there is a gap in explaining the principles of Gestalt in its physical interpretation. Addressing this gap is an essential aspect of future research. Gestalt is one of the most important principles in architecture, especially in the design of public and urban spaces. These principles emphasize the proper distribution of spaces and their interconnectedness, leading to the creation of a beautiful and efficient urban environment. The theory of Gestalt perception is based on the idea of seeking order, structure, and patterns in designs and objects. This article focuses on the application of Gestalt principles in the design of the square, with an emphasis on the thematic analysis of its physical structure and aesthetics. The conclusion drawn from this study is that the architecture of Naqsh-e Jahan Square, rooted in our past, predominantly emphasizes the importance of humans and is based on the presence of humans, richness of beauty, and meaning in the place's formation. Additionally, in Naqsh-e Jahan Square, this theory can provide valuable insights into visual perception. Factors such as strong symmetry and repetition in architecture, use of patterns, and design coherence can influence visual perception. These factors establish a consistent and predictable order and structure that provide visitors with a tangible understanding of the environment and relationships between elements in the square. These architectural and design principles in Naqsh-e Jahan Square enhance the sense of order and harmony, improving visual perception.