Examining the Role of Energy Storage Systems on the Resilience, Reliability and Economic Performance of Microgrids

Energy storage systems (ESSs) can be installed in microgrids and used for reserving and feeding loads. These systems provide a wide range of applications to the power grid, such as reducing the problems of fluctuating and outages of renewable energy sources, load compliance, voltage and frequency stability, peak load management and improving power quality. Also, as production resources in daily planning, a lot of profit is obtained from the energy exchange of the microgrid with the main grid. Considering the high investment costs of ESS, in this article, to justify the economy and prevent its under- or over-utilization, a precise model is presented to determine the optimal size of the storage device. Moreover, to consider the uncertainties of the photovoltaic system, wind turbine, and electric loads, Monte Carlo simulation has been used to generate scenarios and the K-means algorithm to reduce them. However, in order to find a solution to reduce the grid vulnerability and improve its technical and economic performance, it is crucial to pay attention to reliability and resilience. ESSs lead to better energy management during peak hours and when disturbances occur. The model presented in this article examines the role of ESS in energy systems to reduce operating costs, and improve network resilience and reliability. Resilience measure that is used to reduce the effects of severe incidents on the network is considered as a term of the objective function. The system reliability index, which is to ensure the reliable operation of the network against small errors and short-term failures, is proposed as a constraint in the model. An accurate and practical ESS model improves the performance of the system in terms of economy and security, and the simulation results show the efficiency of the presented model.