A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Accountability in Social Systems Based on the Qur'an and Hadiths

This research aims to present a three-dimensional model of accountability in social systems based on the Holy Qur'an and its validation in universities through a multi-study mixed research. In the first part of the research, a conceptual framework of accountability in social systems was extracted based on a qualitative categorical content analysis of the verses of the Holy Qur'an using a cyclical process of analysis (including four stages of data collection, revivalist data reduction, data organization and analysis, and interpretation and conclusion). This framework has been formed in three dimensions: foundations (including righteousness, non-arrogance, piety, faith, divine knowledge, righteous deeds, and divine scales), obstacles (including disbelief, misguidance, doubt, evil deeds, deceit, and breach of contract), and enabling factors (including divine support, stability, peace, trust, insight, honesty, good deeds, and responsibility). Using the qualitative content analysis method and semi-structured interviews, the validity of this framework developed in universities has been confirmed and validated through the reliability technique and expert review methods and self-review as a social system under study and a conceptual framework.