Numerical Modeling of the Effect of Orifices in Stepped Spillways on Flow Energy Dissipation Using the FLOW-3D Model
Author(s):
Article Type:
Research/Original Article (دارای رتبه معتبر)
Abstract:
Stepped spillways, as one of the most efficient hydraulic structures for energy dissipation, play a crucial role in reducing the destructive energy of water discharged from dam reservoirs. These structures, utilizing their geometric features, contribute to the dissipation of turbulent and supercritical flows. In this research, with the aim of increasing the efficiency of stepped spillways in energy dissipation, the effect of creating orifices on the spillway steps has been investigated. The FLOW-3D software was used for numerical simulation, and the model's accuracy was evaluated using statistical indicators. The simulation results indicate that the RNG turbulence model is capable of simulating turbulent flows over stepped spillways with high accuracy (R²=0.96). Creating orifices on the floor of the steps, compared to the walls, generates greater energy dissipation. The outflow from the floor openings of the stepped spillway causes the water jet to collide with the overflow, resulting in greater energy dissipation. In contrast, wall openings, due to their alignment with the overflow direction, lead to less energy loss. Additionally, increasing the number of orifices led to improved spillway performance. Specifically, creating three orifices in the spillway floor was able to increase energy dissipation by 16% compared to the case without orifices (control). Furthermore, creating three orifices in the floor allows a higher discharge to pass through the spillway and increased the initial depth of the hydraulic jump downstream of the spillway by 40%. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of using orifices as an efficient method for improving the performance of stepped spillways in managing outflows from dams.
Keywords:
Language:
Persian
Published:
Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, Volume:56 Issue: 3, Jun 2025
Pages:
589 to 606
https://www.magiran.com/p2864461
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