Discourse Analysis of Surah An-Nazi'at Based on Halliday's Textual Metafunction Model

Contemporary linguistic theories, with a novel perspective on language and its elements, have introduced new viewpoints in literary research. Michael Halliday is one of the modern linguists whose ideas—especially in the field of textual cohesion—have attracted the attention of many researchers and have been used as a model for text analysis. Accordingly, the present study, using a descriptive- analytical method and based on Halliday’s approach, examines and analyzes cohesion factors, the structure of nominal and verbal sentences, information structure, and textual cohesion factors such as grammatical and lexical cohesion in Surah An-Nazi'at. One of the most important findings of this research is the frequent use of conjunctions, references, repetition of letters and words, and lexical synonymy, which, in Surah An-Nazi'at, alongside spiritual goals and raising awareness among polytheists, disbelievers, and deniers of Islam, have had a significant impact on the coherence and cohesion of the ayahs. It was revealed that, in terms of cohesion, the conjunction "fa" (ف) has the highest frequency, followed by "wa" (و). Also, the words (Nāzi‘āt / Nāshiṭāt / Sābiḥāt / Sābiqāt / Mudabbirāt / Rājifah / Wājifah / Rādifah / Ḥāfirah / Nakhrah / Sāhirah / Ṭughiy / Daḥā / Gharqā) constitute the most frequent and meaningful vocabulary in this Surah. By examining the syllabic system of the ayahs in this Surah, the frequency of short syllables is meaningfully higher than other types of syllables, indicating the fast and dynamic rhythm present in the overall atmosphere of the Surah. Moreover, the frequent repetition of some words, purposeful contrasts and synonyms, as well as the semantic and logical connection of the ayahs, have been influential in the cohesion of this Surah. According to the results obtained, it can be said that among Halliday’s cohesion components, grammatical cohesion has had a greater impact than other components on the cohesion of the Surah under study