IMMOBILIZED BIOELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS

Presently there are a number of fine and sensitive methods for determining chemical or biochemical substances among which bioelectrodes represents the most recent development. Bioelectrodes consist of biologically active materials (e. g enzyme, antibody, whole cell or cell fragments) held in close proximity to a suitable electrochemical transducer that sense specific electrodactive enzyme substrates or products. Considerable efforts are still in progress in order to improve the performance of these bioelectrodes and widen their applications. The present article describes some of the most frequently used immoblization techniques in producing such sensors, and reviews several parameters affecting their response. Finally a collection of current analytical applications is presented.