Factors Influencing The Sulphate Resistance of Cement Concrete and Mortar

Cement concrete continues to be the pre-eminent construction materials for use in any type of civil engineering structure. Performance of these structures in terms of their strength and stability has withstood the test of time but the life span of the structures has become a matter of concern. This is on account of the environment becoming chemically ever more aggressive. The atmosphere is found increasingly laden with higher percentages of Sulfur Dioxide, Carbon Dioxide and Chlorides. Oxides of Sulfur are injurious to concrete while Chlorides are harmful to the reinforcing steel. As a consequence of these, the life-span of the reinforced concrete structures have got compromised significantly from its original estimated life of about ninety years. The role of Sulphate ions in causing deterioration of concrete has been investigated intensively. Based on the literature available, the present paper discusses this aspect with particular attention to the use of blended cement in recent times with the influences of the parameters related to the Sulphate resistance of cement concrete and mortar.