Paradoxical Terms in the Poems of Hāfez

Hāfez, the great Persian poet, uses numerous terms in his poems which contain paradoxical meanings. The study of paradox in mystical and lyrical poems helps us to have a new and better understanding and interpretation of texts. The elements of the paradoxical terms occur in these subjects: God, religion and faith, religious rules, acts, beliefs and duties, Sufi beliefs and conducts, and persons and characters. There are many paradoxical terms in the poems of Hāfez such as wine, vinosity, tavern, intoxication, cup, monastery, mosque, paradise, pious, canonist, Sufi coarse woollen garment, wise, wisdom, love, nightingale, beloved, eye(brow), face, lips, etc.