A Study on the effect of Bio-Oss and collagen membrane on the repair of dental socket

Preservation of bone volume immediately after tooth removal might be necessary to optimize the success of implant placement. The aim of this study was to compare bone dimensional changes following tooth extraction without Bio-Oss and with Bio-Oss and a collagen membrane in the dental socket. In this experimental interventional study, thirty subjects who required tooth extraction and implant replacement were selected. Subjects were randomly divided into control (no Bio-Oss) and case (ridge–preservation procedure with Bio-Oss and collagen membrane) groups. The parameters of plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, horizontal ridge width and vertical ridge changes were assessed, immediately and 6 month after extraction. A bone biopsy was taken from the extraction site in the both groups 6 months after surgical treatment. Histological study was performed on all biopsy samples. Finally, paired t-test and Bon Ferroni were applied for data analysis (α < 0.05). Compared to the case group, a significantly greater horizontal absorption was observed in the control group. The ridge height reduction in control group was 3.6 ± 1.5 mm at buccal side and 3 mm at lingual site. In the case group however, they were 0.7 ± 1.4 mm and 0.4 mm at buccal and lingual sides respectively. Biopsies from the grafted sites revealed the presence of trabecular bone, highly mineralized and well structured with a minor percentage of mineralized bone. The amount of connective tissue was significantly higher in the control group compared to the case group. Dental socket preservation approach using Bio-Oss in combination with collagen membrane seems to significantly limit the resorption of dental socket after tooth extraction.