Influence of different tapered implants on stress and strain distribution in bone and implant: a finite element analysis

Background and aims. Finite elemental analysis is an efficient technique for investigating biomechanical interactions of different implant designs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cylindrical and tapered implants with different degree of tapering and similar lengths on the stress and strain distribution in the bone and implant.Materials and methods. One cylindrical and five types of tapered implants with degrees of tapering from 0.02 to 0.16 were modeled to this study. The implant material was grade IV titanium and abutment was grade ELI titanium. The bone model used comprised of compact and spongious bone assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic.Results. With increased degree of implant tapering, the von Mises stress and strain increased in the bone. However, at the neck of implant, the most sensitive area, with increase in degree of tapering, both stress concentration and strain decreased. The lowest stress and strain were generated in the most tapered implant.Conclusion. Based on the results, cylindrical screw implant generated the lowest maximum von Mises stress in cortical bone and tapered implant type 5 with highest taper degree generated the highest maximum von Mises stress.