Justification of Belief in Physical Objects according toRussell and Quine

"Justification" is one of the important issues in epistemology. An aspect of this issue is our reason to believe in physical objects. Coherentism and foundationalism are two main solutions of this problem. Bertrand Russell has chosen foundationalism. His approach, however, fails to fully justify our belief in physical objects. To avoid skepticism, Russell employs non-certain principles. According to Quine the problem faced by Russell is the problem of the whole history of empiricism. To escape from this problem, Quine eliminates "justification" from among issues of epistemology, and explains (but does not justify) belief in physical objects as an ontological commitment to such objects according to his own naturalism.