Letter design structuralism,position and evolution of kufic script in the great Qurans of first to fifth centuries

The first perfection of calligraphy in Islam was manifested in a script called (kufic) whichreached the apex of it,s beauty in the late second century. this was first applied by Arabs. As it is clear from it,s name, this script belongs to kufah and was accepted as the onlysuitable script for writing Quran.The most important and necessary research of academicdomain on kufic script is understanding the significance of letter structures. meanwhile, Quranic manuscripts are really important due to their significance in Islam. All af letterstructures. meanwhile, Quranic manuscripts are really important due to their significancein Islam. All af these manuscripts which are available in the museums across the world, have not been appreciated properly. The process in This survey is descriptive andpurpose is acquaintance with evolution kufic script and recognition of structure dominatupon in this script. In this survey, in addition to the review of kufic script in the presentmanuscripts, two principles have been considered for recognizing the letter structures: 1- The kufic script evolution in the Qurans of first to fifth century. 2- structural review ofthe kufic script design in these centuries. To access these two principles, after recognizingand collecting the kufic script examples in the existing Qurans in these five centuriesand after analyzing their letters, some examples of each century have been reviewedin separate tables. then, based an the horizontal and vertical axis of each letter, one afthe examples has been evaluated. In the end, on account of its rhetorical capability inits powerful and consolidated structure, this script has provided a kind of balance withthe background and this consolidation and rhetorical capability can be an appropriateexample for graphic designers of modern letters.