The Common Things and Distinctions of Judgment and Passing Judgement during the Saljoughid Period and the Pre-Islamic Eras

The old history of Iran, with its rich culture and civilization and procecuting crimes as well as its relevant departments, has undergone many ups and down. The Mads, the Achamenids, and the Sassanids had their own judicial laws. At the time of the advent of Islam, the Holy Qur’an formed the constitutional code, so justice and practicing justice and the principles of equality for exerting the divine limits (Hudud) and plunishments became one of the most significant Islamic questions. Therefore, the position of judgment manifested itself as the highest position of securing justice and security. Although the judicial independence became disordered by the arriving of the Turks in Iran. Long steps were taken to organize the case of establishing juastice. Thus some persons acted as judges or as the judges, in turn, had some associates to help them in exerting judicial affairs. This paper is interested in studying the common things and in comparison with those in pre-Islamic periods. It is supposed that the contemporary judgment and passing judgments were affected by those in the pre-Islamic eras, especially in the Saljoughid period.