A Reevaluation of Jangalī's Triple Political Trends and Their Political Characteristics

The main question which this paper aims to answer is that what were the dominant trends of Jangal movement and the main characteristics of these trends? To find an answer for this question, by assuming a central position for ideology, we have distinguished three main trends: religio-nationalists, right compromisers and leftist. Our method in this research is analyzing documentary data which are gleaned from library sources. Our research findings show that the religio-nationalist trend maintained an Iranian-Islamic attitude and were characterized by their charismatic leader Mīrzâ Kūchak Khan. While this trend was under a serious constraint by the central government, it had its native proponents among constitutionalists throughout Iran. In international arena, it was opposed by tsarist Russia and Britain. The right-compromiser trend maintaining an unstable stand, preferred to conform itself according to political conditions. Finally, the third party maintained a Leninist posture and its prominent figures were Iḥsân allâh Khân and Heidar Khân ‘Amūoghlī. This paper aims to give a survey within a socio-historical framework which, to our knowledge, is a new and unprecedented approach toward this subject.