Balloon Angioplasty versus Surgical Repair of Coarctation of Aorta in Infants

Coarctation of the aorta is a discrete stenosis of the proximal thoracic aorta. The common clinical pattern is congestive heart failure in infancy. Treatment methods include balloon angioplasty and surgical repair in this age group. Percutaneous balloon angioplasty is a less invasive method for the repair of discrete coarctation but remains controversial as a primary treatment strategy for a native coarctation. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and outcome of balloon angioplasty and surgical repair in coarctation infants younger than 1 year old. This retrospective study evaluated the results of the two methods in 167 patients younger than one year old admitted into a tertiary heart center pediatric ward with the diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta: Balloon angioplasty was done for 55 and surgical repair for 112 infants. Patients with previous interventions were not included in this study. Primary results revealed no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two methods (p value = 0.0601). While the rate of recurrent coarctation was significantly lower in the surgery group [19 (17%) vs. 11 (20%), p value = 0.0470], the mortality rate was lower in the balloon angioplasty method [5 (5.5%) vs. 13 (11.6%), p value = 0.039]. Our multivariate logistic regression model, however, showed no statistically significant difference (p value = 0.120). Because of the incidence of re-coarctation, balloon angioplasty compared with surgical repair did not confer an improved outcome for our infants’ coarctation.