First Abbasid Caliphs, Philosophy and Theology

The advent of Abbasids resulted in fundamental changes in government. The development of knowledge and thought accelerated in a new background which was formed by Abbasids, and its manifestation was “translation movement”. Therefore, philosophy and theology as the important indicators of thought experienced important changes due to the new situation. In this article, the attitude of first Abbasid Caliphs to philosophy and theology; their motivations in challenging with them; their influence on the development of these knowledges; the interaction of theological sects and theologian with caliphate; and the process of these interactions in the development of philosophy and theology, are considered.