نشریه یافته های نوین کشاورزی
سال هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 26، زمستان 1391)

In order to study of some agronomic and phenological attributes, an experiment was conducted in 2010 at the farm of Moghan Agricultural Faculty, univ. of Mohaghegh Ardabili with use 29 spring bread wheat genotypes were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The analysis of variance showed that among genotypes for grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, flag leaf area, flag leaf cholorophy scale and tillering time had significant difference in level %1 probability but, for flowering time and ripening time had not significant difference. The grain yield showed a significant positive correlation with biological yield, flag leaf area, flag leaf cholorophy scale and harvest index but, showed a negative correlation and significantly with tillering time. The flowering time have positive linkage and significantly with tillering time and showed negative correlation and significantly with havest index. According to the results, Shiroudi, Nick-Nejad & Alborz, cultivars many of agronomic & phenological traits, desirable and than the other genotypes excelled and produced acceptable grain yield. Therefore, can be expressed production in different whead cultivars influenced by its genotypes.

Effect of Inoculation With Azotobacter, Manure and Nitrogen Application on Yield and Yield Components of Winter Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.).In order to investigation effect of Azotobacter inoculation, application of manure and nitrogen application on yield and function components of safflower, In 1388 test is performed as factorial in from of design of accidental complete blocks with 3 repeat in educational field Islamic Azad university.Experimental care suchas Azotoba include Azotobacter, Nitrogen and manure that first one performed in x Level without inoculation A0and with ino culation A1 and second one preformed in 3 level %50, %75 and %100 and the third one performed in 2 leven 15 ton in hectar on kind of fall safflower. Result indicated that effect of various levels in Azotobacter on trait like hight of plant, number of lateral branch, number of boll function of grain, weight of grain and biologic function of major boll.Meaning full. Also, effect of various levels in nitrogen on traits like height of plant, number of lateral branch, number of seed on boll and function of seed was meaning full Also, effect of various level in manure on biologic function was meaning full.

In order to study of different N and K application levels effects on morphology and chemical characteristics of Stevia rebaudiana، experiment was conducted out in department of an green house، branch of North region of Iran (Rasht)، Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII) in 2010. The experiment was done in a complete designe with factorial arrangement of two factors of Nitrogen with four levels (0،20،40،60kg/ha) And potash with four levels (0،20،30،40 kg/ha). Totaly 5 traits were studied including stem length، lenghth between nodes، dry and wet weight of root، and Carbohydrate. highest stem length (90. 90 cm) and highest length between nodes (4. 31 cm) and highest dry weight of root (15. 5 gr) and highest wet weight of root (2. 9 gr) was recorded of level N4 (60 kg/ha). highest stem length (77. 01 cm) was recorded of level K4 (40 kg/ha). The Result showed that was obtained the highest amount of Carbohydrate of levels (N4K2) (0. 057).

In order to investigate the effect of super absorbent polymer and zinc and selenium on wheat agronomic traits، an experiment was carried out as factorial based on RCBD with four replications in the research station of Islamic Azad University- Arak Branch، Iran in 2010-2011 crop season. Experimental factors were including of two levels of 0 and 25 kg ha-1 super absorbent، zinc sulphate at three levels of 0، 25 and 50 kg ha-1 and selenium in two levels of control and 20 kg ha-1. The results showed that application of 50 kg ha-1 zinc sulphate increased spike length، productivity index as compared to control by 6. 7، 7. 2 and 6% respectively. Dual interaction of foliar application of selenium along with consumption of 50 kg ha-1 of zinc sulphate increased grain yield by 14%. Application of 25 kg ha-1 super absorbent along with 25 kg ha-1 zinc sulphate could be increase grain yield and productivity index as compared to control by 15. 3 and 16. 3%، respectively. Interactionof three-way treatments showed that maximum grain yield equal to 3502 kg ha-1 was obtained from treatment of 25 kg ha-1 super absorbent along with 50 kg ha-1 zinc sulphate and 18 g ha-1 selenium that with treatment 25 kg ha-1 super absorbent along with 50 kg ha-1 zinc sulphate and without selenium with grain yield equal to 3385 kg ha-1 were in a group.

The main cold damage occurs in germination and seedling growth stages. To examine the effect of cold stress effects on rice seedling growth was carried out a greenhouse experiments in Deputy of Rice Research Institute in Mazandaran (Amol) since 2010. The basic design was conducted a completely randomized with split plot factorial experiment in 3 replicates with different temperature levels (10، 13، 16، 32 ° C) and its duration (1، 2، 3، 4، 5 days) on five varieties of rice (Dialam، line 843، Tarom، Fajr، Shiroudi). The varieties were designed as main plot and and temperature levels and duration of thermal treatment in sub-plot. The seedlings were placed in normal growth conditions until the 3-2 leaf stage seedlings age (12-8 days) and then transferred to a growth chamber and were treated at 10، 13، 16 ° C for 1، 2، 3، 4 and 5 day. After the treatment، four seedlings from each replicate were selected and growth characters such as height، seedling dry weight (dry weight of shoot + root)، sensitivity index، leaf area and color were measured. Results showed that among the varieties، the stress intensity، stress duration and their interaction effects were a significant probability of 1% for all traits in the seedling stage in which reflects the severity and duration of cold stress on the varieties is discussed. Low temperatures were reduced، the growth rate of seedlings up to 10 -50% compared with control treatment. Low temperatures (10 oc) were decreased new roots production and seedling dry weight in which 60% reduction compared to 32oc treatment. Temperature was caused discoloration of lamina and the color of the leaves of rice seedlings after exposure to cold stress conditions could be concluded، each variety is greener leaf color of seedlings with less damage and is more tolerant to cold. Tarom and Shiroudi varieties compared to other varieties moretolerant to cold stress، however، Fajr variety was more sensitive.

In order to evaluation affect of different planting dates on quantity and quality characteristics and grain yield in spring cultivars of canola (Brassica napus L.)، an experiment was carried out at split-plot in randomized complete block design with three replications at Chaloos region in 2010. Main factor was planting datrs in including (4 and 19 February، 5 March and 20 April) and sub factor was canola cultivars including Hayola 401، Sarigol، RGS003 and Zarfam. Results showed with delay in planting date، phonological traits including vegetative period long، flowering period long and growth period long were decreased. The maximum of grain yield (2325 kg. ha-1) were obtained in 4 February، because the most of the pod length، pod number per plant and seed number per pod due this treatment. Delay in planting date to cause of decreased significant different on quantity and quality characteristics and due to decreased grain yield. Hayola 401 and Sarigol cultivar had been the most grain yield (2136 and 2086 kh. ha-1)، and RGS003 and Zarfam cultivars had been the least grain yield (1972 and 1904 kg. ha-1). The least of oil yield were obtained in 20 April and the most of oil yield were produced in 4 and 19 February. Hayola and Sarigol cultivars had been the most of oil yield and RGS003 and Zarfam cultivars had been the least of oil yield. Non significant between planting dates × cultivars for investigated characteristics were indicated traits in cultivars، all of traits had been same change due to in different planting dates. Therefore، planting date of 4 February due to as most of grain yield introduced the best of treatment.

In some corn fields، in different parts of Iran، the phenomenon of partly grain free ear is observed. This phenomenon can severely decreases corn yield. Although most researchers، mention that this phenomenon is the result of moisture and heat stresses at the time of pollination، but some other researches believed that it is due to the nutritional factors، especially Boron and Zinc nutritional elements. In order to examine the effect of zinc and boron application on corn grain production، an experiment was conducted at Gharakhil Agricultural research station in Ghaemshahr during the 2003-2006. The experiment was factorial and conducted in the field as a Randomized Complete Block Design، with 20 treatments، and 3 replications. The treatments were composed of five level of zinc (O، 8، 16 and 24 kg. ha-1 in soil and foliar application of ZnSO4 with 0. 5 percent concentration) and four levels of Boron (0، 20 and 40 kg. ha-1 of boric acid in soil and foliar application of boric acid with 0. 3 percent concentration)، and finally their means were compared. The result from Mazandaran experiment، showed that application of Zinc caused a significant increased in grain yield (= 5%)، but application of Boron individually or Zinc in combination with Boron، had not significant effect on grain yield. The maximum grain yield (10380 kg. ha-1) was obtained due to application of 120 kg. ha-1 ZnS04 and 40 kg. ha-1 Boric Acid، which produced more yield (1415 kg. ha-1). The application of Zinc individually had only a significant effect on the length of corn ear and plant height، but application of Zn + Born had significant effect on length and diameter of corn ear percent of partly grain free and their effect on other studied parameters were not significant.

In order to determination of effects of lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) on physiological characteristics and yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)، cv. Hyolla، a factorial experiment was carried out. Factors were weed densities (4، 8 and 12 plants per meter of row) and relative time of weed emergence (emerged with rapeseed، 15 and 30 days after crop emergence). Crop leaf area index decreased from 3. 1 in control to 1. 4 in full season interference of 12 weeds per meter of row (121% reduction). Regarding to leaf chlorophyle content، difference between treatments of full season interference of 12 weeds and control was significant. Rapeseed green cover was the highest، when weed emerged 30 days after crop. Crop yield reduced 47%، compared with control، when 12 weeds competed with crop until late growth season. Rapeseed green cover، thousands seed weight and fruit number per plant could totally explain 895 of crop yield changes. Threshold of economical damage of lambsquarter in rapeseed field was in 4 weeds per meter of crop row in 30 days after emergence.