نشریه مطالعات کارآفرینی و توسعه پایدار کشاورزی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 6، تابستان 1394)

Complex and rapid changes in recent decades has led the developed and developing countries consider Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as a platform for achieving development goals such as economic development. The results indicate that that many factors are effective on formation and strengthening of SMEs, meanwhile, many scholars and experts have a special emphasis on the entrepreneurial marketing and regard it as one of the most important determinants of businesses survival. Given the importance of the issue, the main objective of this article which is based on an extensive review of theoretical and empirical literature and library resources, was to study of the concept and dimensions of entrepreneurial marketing and its effect on SMEs. The results showed that entrepreneurial marketing is a new and interdisciplinary paradigm that it can overcome the limitations of traditional marketing through innovation and customer-orientation and results in creating value for the customer. Literature review showed that the most important dimensions of entrepreneurial marketing included risk- taking, pioneering, opportunity-focused, value creation, innovation, customer orientation and leverage of resources. Also, findings indicated that entrepreneurial marketing is an integral part of the success of SMEs and considers as a key factor in improving the performance of SMEs, therefore, reluctance to the use of entrepreneurial marketing leads to low levels of performance and failure in SMEs.

Today entrepreneurship as an interdisciplinary science is known, and its valuable consequences when appear that begins from the early age. Given that there is a close relationship between training and entrepreneurship, the aim of this study is to create conceptual model for the impact of entrepreneurship education components on trainees’ attitude towards business in Kar-Danesh conservatories. Components of entrepreneurship education included: “personal characteristics of trainees”,” trainers’ features”, “space and equipment training”, “transformational leadership”, “academic and career counseling”, “educational content”, “teaching methods”, and “educational patterns in trainees’ families”. In this study used the descriptive approach, and the required information through detailed study and analysis of literature and domestic and foreign history by using the library's method collected. In this paper, after describing the concepts of “entrepreneurship education components” and “attitude towards business” are discussed about the experiences, models and patterns in this domain, and finally conceptual model is presented. Also, using an entrepreneur and expert trainers, using of combinatory and innovative teaching methods, using of consultants for entrepreneurship, improve the environment for innovation in conservatories and etc., as a number of strategies to improve entrepreneurship education components in Kar-Danesh conservatories have been expressed.

This research aimed to investigate factors affecting the efficiency of the Strawberry Greenhouses in Hashtgerd County of Iran. A descriptive-survey research methodology was adopted. Target population was 23 active strawberry greenhouses. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by comments from related experts and reliability of the items was assessed and revealed the high reliability of the items used to measure the variables. Based on the results variable include advantages of enough sun light, greenhouse keeper's motivation, controlling the temperature of greenhouse, market access, appropriate post-harvest storage space, good packaging product prior to the launch to the market, internet access and communication, controlling the amount of Co2 in the greenhouses, pest and disease-related knowledge and knowledge of plant physiology of greenhouse keepers respectively had significant impact on improving the efficiency of the strawberries greenhouse. According to the field studies and interviews some recommendations provide as follow: actions to raise the level of experience and skill of extension experts, existence of experts in emergencies, providing situations for visiting demonstration greenhouses for using them as a model, action to produce radio-television projects in the framework of extension education plans, visiting experts as well as observers and motivating farmers to cooperate with the experts and holding extension education classes for optimal consumption of inputs and improvement of the performance of units, should be taken.

In past decades, education and research were the only tasks of universities but today entrepreneurship is added as the third mission. Entrepreneurial university can be considered as the empowerment system of individuals that would be able to improve their creativity and innovativeness. According to the importance of entrepreneurship colleges, this study aimed to assess student's attitudes toward entrepreneurial university, as well as identify obstacles to the creation of the Department of entrepreneurship. All the students of Agricultural Extension and Education and Horticultural Science in college of Agriculture in Shiraz University in second and fourth years of their academic education were the population of this study. 96 students were selected using stratified random sampling. The data was collected by questionnaire which its face validity and reliability were confirmed by the experts and pilot study, respectively (Cronbach's alpha range from. 92 to. 70). SPSS 19 was used for data analyzing. Results showed the mean of Horticultural students` attitudes toward Entrepreneurial College is significantly higher than the average of this parameter among the students of Agricultural Extension and Education. Average attitude of the students who have attended two courses and more entrepreneurial workshop, significantly more than those who did not participate or just have participated a period.The Score of management and organizational barriers of Horticultural students are significantly more than the students of Agricultural Extension and Education. In the other words, Horticultural students believe that the management factors such as strict rules and regulations, administrative barriers and the conservatism are the main obstacles of the establishment of Entrepreneurial College. Findings revealed that the course contents are not appropriate. Based on the results, the content does not meet the needs of society.

This study aimed to identify factors affecting the development of academic entrepreneurship. Qualitative and quantitative research method was applied in two steps. In qualitative phase snowball sampling was used. Thus, six faculty members and ten students were interviewed until theoretical saturation was established. In the quantitative study, purposive sampling was used. Research questionnaire was designed based on the literature review and interviews with experts. The experts’ results and confirmatory factor analysis were used to confirm validity of the questionnaire. To assess the reliability coefficient, Cronbach’s α (α= 0.78) was used. Purposeful sampling was applied to collect data from 200 students at the Agriculture College of Tehran University. From them, 148 questionnaires were collected and evaluated. Research findings indicated that commercial, physical and financial resources were the most important factors in academic entrepreneurship. Factors such as university-industry collaboration, human resources, reputation and position of university have the second importance stance

Rural development expertise, apart from policies and strategies of macroeconomic development, believe special payment is necessary on the development of rural areas and widespread poverty eradication them. Why so economists believe the most important factor of economic development of rural areas and the agricultural sector is related to poverty alleviation, and politicians believe that, this would be key strategy to prevent social harms in rural areas. Given that one of the important sectors in rural development, is entrepreneurship development in agriculture. Based on this review analytical, aims to evaluate the approaches and models of entrepreneurship development, including: Economic approaches, psychology, sociology, cognitive and ecological (compilation) and entrepreneurship development models; then presentation and explanation of the approach and appropriate model of agricultural entrepreneurship development is conducted. The analysis showed that ecological approach, with a multidimensional perspective and Global Entrepreneurship Model of entrepreneurship not as an absolute model; but based on spatial differences will be appropriate for the development of entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector.

Nowadays more than ever in their history, higher education institutions are being judged by the ways in which they respond to the social and economic needs of society. In this regards, increasing rate of unemployment among the graduates of Iranian higher education system, particularly the graduates of agricultural colleges has been developed into one of the major socio- economic problems of the nation. Considering the importance of entrepreneurship and its promotion in job related competencies of graduates the present review- analytical study was conducted to investigate the requirements for promoting entrepreneurship in higher agricultural education system. In this regards, this article discusses on the significance of entrepreneurship in higher education, the reasons need to entrepreneurial higher education institutions, key characteristics of an entrepreneurial higher education institution and promoting entrepreneurship in higher agricultural education system. Based on the review of literature, key requirements for promoting entrepreneurship in higher agricultural education system was consisted of “Catching up with fundamental changes in knowledge production”, “Reorganizing education”, “Enhancing graduate employability and educating ‘enterprising’ individuals”, “Promoting business start-up through education”, “Making research relevant and accessible”, “Embedding internationalization into strategy”, “Handling financial stringency” and “Building partnerships”. The findings of this study can contribute for planner’s higher agricultural education system in order to designing programs for promoting entrepreneurship among agricultural students.