نشریه مطالعات کارآفرینی و توسعه پایدار کشاورزی
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 41، بهار 1403)

Job and its nature is one of the most important factors that directly affects a person's life. The nature of the job includes the activity environment, benefits, and losses resulting from it. The type of job can affect people's mental health and resilience. In this research, the effect of three job groups of urban agriculture, government job and freelance job on the psychological resilience of people was investigated. For this purpose, five components of social skill, capacity to deal with stress, positive thinking, feeling alive and motivation were used. In order to data collection, 156 people were selected purposefully and by snowball method. To evaluate the data at the level of inferential statistics, analysis of variance and multivariate analysis were performed. The results revealed that the psychological resilience of persons in the three job categories differed, with those involved in urban agriculture having higher resilience than the other two job groups (P=0.000). The total score of resilience varies significantly by age group, with the highest average value (19.85) for urban farmers above the age of 50. The interaction effect for age groups and type of employment was also significant (P=0.004). There was also a significant interaction impact for age groups and type of job (P=0.004). The total score of psychological resilience wasn't affected significantly by gender. Furthermore, the findings of the two-way ANOVA across groups revealed that the interaction impact between job and gender is not significant. Suggested to investigate other dimensions of resilience in the group of women.

Guilan province, with its unique geographical and climatic conditions, possesses the potential to promote agricultural entrepreneurship and drive local economic prosperity through the establishment and growth of the edible insect value chain. This study aims to elucidate the value chain of edible insects and formulate strategies for its creation and development. Data for the study was collected through library research and fieldwork, utilizing questionnaires and interviews. The research findings were analyzed in two stages. Firstly, the industries associated with edible insects were examined in relation to Guilan province's potential. The analysis identified two developing industries: insect-based food production, and the conservation and breeding of edible insects within Guilan province. Subsequently, the study employed a qualitative approach to establish strategies for the creation and development of the edible insect industries in Guilan province. Drawing from semi-structured interviews with industry experts, a strategic plan was developed for the value chain of industries related to edible insects in Guilan province, accompanied by specific operational measures for each strategy. These measures include the establishment of specialized associations in collaboration with scientific-research institutions, focusing on the scientific and technical aspects of edible insects. Additionally, it is recommended to establish a multi-stakeholder platform to facilitate research and development, ultimately elevating the industry.

Personality traits are so influential in predicting entrepreneurial intentions as researchers believe that personality approach cannot be simply ignored and there are still hidden points in this field. Since social entrepreneurs have distinct personality traits rather than economic entrepreneurs, this study aimed to investigate the effect of personality traits on the intention of social entrepreneurship among food business owners in Ilam province. The statistical population consisted of 1208 food business owners in Ilam province that by using the table of Krejci and Morgan (1980) 415 of whom were selected by stratified random sampling with appropriate assignment. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed by subject experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that among the five personality traits of extraversion, openness to experience, neuroticism, conscientiousness and agreeableness, only two traits including openness to experience (β= 0.431, t= 8.92) and conscientiousness (β= 0.102, t= 1.96) had a positive and significant effect on the intention of social entrepreneurship of food business owners of Ilam province. In this regard, managers and business owners should be able to employ employees based on the appropriateness of their personality traits to perform the assigned tasks, with full knowledge of the characteristics and personality traits of individuals.

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of the learning environment in entrepreneurship courses on entrepreneurial intention with regard to the mediating role of students' attitude towards business. This research is based on the purpose of applied type and in terms of survey method. The statistical population consisted of 127 graduate students of management and entrepreneurship at Razi University. Based on the census sampling method, all students were selected as samples. The data collection tools were standard questionnaires of learning environment in entrepreneurship courses, entrepreneurial intention and students' attitude towards business. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by using the opinions of experts in the field of management and their reliability through Cronbach's alpha. The data were analyzed using structural equation model and Smart PLS4 software. The research findings showed that at the error level of 0.05, the learning environment in entrepreneurship courses has a positive and significant effect on students' attitude towards business and their entrepreneurial intention. The results showed that students' attitude towards business has improved their entrepreneurial intention. The findings showed that the learning environment has a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention indirectly and through strengthening the variable of students' attitude towards business (P-value = 0.03, γ = 0.230). Providing a learning environment for entrepreneurship courses can provide the basis for the development of entrepreneurial abilities and with the positive effect it has on the entrepreneurial attitude of students, it strengthens the entrepreneurial intention in them.

The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the marketing mix of fresh vegetables (tomatoes, potatoes, onions, cucumbers) in the south of Kerman province. The method used in this study is a mixed approach. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 28 experts who were selected using a targeted method. Also, the statistical population in the quantitative section includes 160 experts and farmers of Kerman province, who were selected through Morgan's table and simple random sampling method. The analysis has been done in the qualitative part by coding the components. In the quantitative part, the confirmatory factor analysis of the model has been done using the form of structural equations and using Smart-PLS3 software. Finally, using DEMATEL approach, it has been prioritized and determined the cause and effect relationships of the components. The extracted model in the qualitative section includes 41 components in the framework of 9 main components (price, product, place, process, promotion, dedicated network, human resources, review and analysis, and packaging). The results of the factor analysis confirm the confirmation of the qualitative model. Finally, the order of influence of the components in DEMATEL method includes; Manpower, product, process, place, investigation, promotion, dedicated network, packaging, price and effectiveness order including; It is price, process, packaging, promotion, place, product, dedicated network, review and human resources. What can be obtained from this research is that the main and local sales channels complement each other and create opportunities for different types of farmers and reach different consumer segments.

The current article was written with the aim of investigating the influencing factors on rural tourism marketing in the villages of Qaenat county. In terms of purpose, this research is in the group of applied research, in terms of nature and method, in the group of descriptive-analytical research, and in terms of time, it is in the category of single-section research. The method of data collection was done quantitatively using a structured questionnaire, and data analysis was done using structural equation modeling technique and descriptive and inferential statistics. The statistical population of the research includes experts and managers of organization of cultural heritage, tourism and handicrafts, rural tourists of Qaenat county, and rural municipality and members of the islamic councils of the villages. Sampling was done through simple random and snowball method. The sample size has also been considered by considering the tenfold rule and also Cochran equal to 350 people. To ensure the validity of the research questionnaire, content validity and factor loading coefficient, combined reliability and also Cronbach's alpha method were used to check the reliability. The results indicate that the components of people, product, place, promotion, physical evidence, process, and price are of great importance in tourism marketing of rural areas, but nevertheless, the performance of tourism trustees, regarding each of the mentioned components are below average. Therefore, according to the indicators of tourism marketing in rural areas, necessary measures to improve the situation of tourism marketing should be put on the agenda of the trustees.

Knowledge and innovation are essential for organizational success. For this reason, organizations are seeking for processes to transform knowledge into better organizational performance. On the other hand, it seems that the relationship between the knowledge management process and performance is more complex than a simple direct relationship, because knowledge must be institutionalized in the organization to improve performance. This institutionalization may be achieved through organizational innovation, which can often facilitate these processes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between knowledge management processes, organizational innovation and organizational performance, which has been done in the case of the cement industry. For this purpose, three standard questionnaires of knowledge management (Cronbach's alpha= 0.730), organizational performance (Cronbach's alpha = 0.714) and organizational innovation (Cronbach's alpha = 0.750) were used to collect information from a sample of 385 cement industry employees from six provinces. Data analysis was done using SPSSwin18 and Smart PLS.5 software in the form of descriptive statistics and structural equation model. The results showed the low level of knowledge management and organizational innovation in the studied companies. The findings of the structural equation model showed that knowledge management (β=0.417, P<0.01) and organizational innovation(β=0.427, P<0.01) have a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. In addition, organizational innovation plays a mediating role in the relationship between knowledge management and organizational performance(β=0.331, P<0.01). It is suggested that organizations that have a high ability to manage their knowledge use their resources efficiently and provide more innovation to improve their performance.

Analysis of the Effect of Improving the Business Environment on Agricultural Entrepreneurship with the Mediating Role of Marketing CapabilityAbstractAny policy in the context of improving the business space, especially at the start-up stage, can play an important role in rural entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of improving the business space on rural entrepreneurship with the mediating role of marketing capability. The type of research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of the nature of the working method. The statistical population of the research included 89208 members in 81 rural cooperative companies of Ardabil province. The sample size was determined using the Krejci-Morgan table to the number of 384 people and the samples were selected by random sampling. Validity was checked and confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis and reliability by Cronbach's alpha. Structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the hypotheses. Data were analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS software. Based on the findings of the research, improving the business space has a positive and significant effect on rural entrepreneurship. Marketing capability also plays a mediating role between improving the business space and rural entrepreneurship. Based on the results of this research, entrepreneurs should pay special attention to the importance of marketing capabilities and the demands and suggestions of customers in the success of their business. Also, to start their own business, they should consider the conditions of the business space from different dimensions.