فهرست مطالب

فصلنامه آزمایشگاه و تشخیص
پیاپی 24 (تابستان 1393)

بهای روی جلد: 40,000ريال
تاریخ انتشار: 1393/06/20
تعداد عناوین: 12

فارسی
English

انتخاب همه

A review on the latest criteria for laboratory diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, pre-diabetes and gestational diabetes

Dr Mohammad Reza Bakhtiari Page 4

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most prevalent metabolic disease with mild to severe complications dependent on the early or late diagnosis of the disease. According to the World Health Organization, diabetes is a major threat to global public health that is rapidly getting worse. American Diabetes Association (ADA) is one of the most updated references for determining the criteria for laboratory diagnosis of DM. In my previous review article published in current journal, the 2011 ADA criteria for diagnosing DM were elaborated. Since that time this standards have undergone some modifications relevant to diagnostic criteria. However, in the latest issue of Diabetes Care Journal published by ADA in 2014, some standards of diagnosis have been modified, especially those related to gestational diabetes mellitus. The general purpose of this review article is to underline the new changes of diagnostic protocols for DM and gestational DM.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, pre, diabetes, gestational diabetes

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quorum sensing in Bacteria

Dr Habib Zeighami Ghazal Naderi, Dr Fakhri Haghi Page 9

Bacteria were for a long time believed to exist as individual cells that sought primarily to find nutrients and multiply. The discovery of intercellular communication among bacteria has led to the realization that bacteria are capable of coordinated activity that was once believed to be restricted to multicellular organisms. The process of communication is termed “quorum sensing (QS)” it is a density-dependent process that involves the production of extracellular, diffusible signal molecules (Autoinducers) that coordinate gene expression including virulence determinants. As quorum sensing controls virulence, has been an attractive target for the development of novel anti quorum sensing therapy measures that do not rely on the use of antibiotics. Anti quorum sensing therapy has been a promising strategy to combat bacterial infections as it is unlikely to develop multidrug resistant pathogens since it does not impose any selection pressure. The challenge for the future will be for clinicians to apply their understanding of autoinducer-based signaling to the development of effective therapeutic agents or prevention strategies.
Keywords: Bacteria, quorum sensing, anti quorum sensing therapy

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customer Centeredness in medical laboratories: A necessity or an option

Dr Mahmoud Javid Fariba Ghadyani, Mr Arjasb Ahmadi Page 23

In today's competitive world, laboratories with traditional perspective to concepts of customer, quality, competition, advertising, and diversity of tests, not only have made no success but also have had a plethora waste of time, finance, and energy. Today, "customer" is considered as a primary goal of laboratory services and "customer-centeredness" is remained to be the crucial cornerstone of laboratory activities, that is, the quality of lab services is defined based on customer's needs and expectations. Medical laboratories are obliged to satisfy their customers and to manage relationships with them, regardless of any of their own aims. This necessity is arisen from factors including divine orders related to observing human dignity, social rules, individual's incentives(demands desires), as well as requirements of fulfilling profits of medical laboratories. Customer-centeredness is a must for survival of a medical laboratory in a competitive market that requires valuing humanity and providing customers as human beings with their demands. The present study aims to examine types of customers, a variety of customer's needs and expectations (as appropriate behavior, speed of services, implementation of the rules, reliability and validity of tests, decorations done on physical environment), customer satisfaction and its impact on laboratory processes, as well as impression of winning customer's support on survival of medical laboratories.
Keywords: customer, centeredness, medical laboratory, satisfaction, demand

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the study of cancer incidence and cancer registration in kermanshah province between 2009-2010 in women

Dr Nahid Khdemi, Mr Keyvan Khassi Page 32

Introduction
Based on statistical and epidemiological studies, cancer is the third most common cause of death after heart diseases and accidents, therefore planning to control cancer is essential for public health. Cancer registration is an important part of cancer control,and the collected data could be useful in etiological studies, and health programming to prevent and treat the disease. In this study cancer incidence and cancer registration in kermanshah province investigated.
Materials And Methods
In this descriptive study, data related to cancer were collected from the health center of kermanshah province, from 2009 to 2010. Then the age group and incidence of different kind of cancer in women were determined.
Results
Results showed that the top ten cancers among women were in2009: 1-Breast 23.5-22.5 percent incidence rate per 100,000 2- skin 11.2 percent, 10.7 the rate per 100,000 3-The the incidence rate per 100.000 5- stomach 6.1 percent 5.8 of the incidence rate per 100,000. in2009: 1-Breast 22.4percent 20.5 incidence rate per 100,000 2- skin 11.5 percent 10.9 the rate per 100,000 3-The colon,rectum 10.7 percent 8.7of the incidence rate per 100,000 4- Esphagous 5.7 percent 6.3of the incidence rate per 100,000 5- stomach 5.3 percent 5.8of the incidence rate per 100,000.
Conclusion
In this investigation we also compared cancer incidence and distribution in kermanshah province with national rates and our results showed that in two years, cancer Breast, skin, cancer colon,rectum and cancer Esphagous, stomach were common in women in kermanshah province So it is neccesary to design preventive program. This planning need screening intervention, early identification, treatment, education and information.
Keywords: Cancer, incidence, epidemiological studies, cancer registration

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melittin inhibit Rac1 expression in cervical cancer cell, hela cell

Dr Ali Moradi Neda Eivazi Arvanagh Arezou Chekerzehi Mahdieh Hemmati, Mr Hamid Reza Shahmoradi Page 40

Introduction
In Iran, cervical cancer is the 2nd common gynecologic cancer following breast cancer and 2nd common cause of cancer death following ovarian cancer. Cell migration plays a principal role in many biological and pathological processes, including embryonic development, wound repair, the inflammatory response, tumor metastasis and mental retardation. It is already well known that members of the Rho family of small GTPases is key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton in diverse cellular functions including cell migration. Rac1 is one member of this family that play important role in cell migration. Bee venom contains several biologically active peptides, including melittin (a major component of BV), apamin, adolapin, mast cell degranulating peptide, and enzymes (phospholipase A2, and hyaluronidase) as well as non-peptide components, such as histamine, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Melittin inhibit cell migration in hepato cellular carcinoma via Rac1 suppression.
Material And Methods
Following treatment hela cells for 12h with melittin in several concentration (0(control group), 0. 5, 1μg/ml), cells were lysed with lysis buffer. So amount of Rac1 expression was determined with western blot technique. Outcomes compare with Actin as internal control, and results were displayed by percentage.
Results
Expression of Rac1 was obtained, 100±0, 0. 34±0. 2, 0. 28±0. 1٪ in control group, 0. 5 and 1μg/ml, respectively.
Conclusion
Melittininhibits Rac1 expression in hela cell, suggesting that melittin is a potential therapeutic agent for cervical cancer.
Keywords: melittin, metastasis, Rac1, cervical cancer

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the false sero-negativity of CRP standard agglutination test: Prozone phenomenon

Mr Mohammad Salehi, Mr Masoud Mobini, Mr Maryam Asghar Heydari Page 46

Objectives
C-reactive protein (CRP) reflects measure of response acute phase. We aimed to assess prozone phenomenon that causes false negativity in serological diag‌nosis of CRP.
Materials And Methods
In this study the tests of four cases of 600 participants that have false negative serological results were evaluated by agglutination and turbidometry methods.
Findings
CRP test was positive in titer of 1/8 in all cases but the first case remains positive to titer of 1/16.the results of turbidometry method demonstrated be positivity all samples.
Conclusion
By regarded to other laboratory findings, in the laboratories that used agglutination method, samples that suggested high CRP in order to exclude false sero-negativity must be diluted to upper titers.
Keywords: C, reactive protein (CRP), prozone phenomenon, agglutination method

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