نشریه پژوهش های نقد ادبی و سبک شناسی
پیاپی 19 (بهار 1394)

One of most effective way of disseminating eminent knowledge, culture and ethics of humanity is through prayers and prayer texts. Prayer and holy communication are kind of lovely resorting to the beloved and connection of little and weak being to the existing infinitely big and strong. From pure reed of selected people of God, prayers come out containing knowledge and realities that are accompanied by sadness, excitement and sweet music. One of these prayers is “khaefin Almanghoul” by Imam Sajad which is reflection of fearful qualities of God. The present study tries to in a descriptive-analytical way, analyzes “khaefin” prayer under the framework of structural stylistics based on classification of the “Balaghat alkhetab” book and “Elmo Nasl by Salah Fazl”, in three levels of vocal, syntactic, expressive and degree of connection of these three levels with each other. A stylistic analysis of prayers illustrate all triple structures of the text with acceptance of connection supremacy from disconnection and connection binary in amazing joint are formed next to each other and with creating single and harmonious structure are moving across central axis of prayer (communication with God).

With regard to the history of oil industry in Iran and the expansion of industry in the areas of the south and southwest (in provinces of Bushehr, Fars and Khuzestan), Were faced, willingly or unwillingly, with industrial confrontation of east and west cultures in the areas of culture, language, beliefs etc. The presence of oil explorers in the southern regions, had a huge impact on cultural and linguistic features of the people in these areas. The authors of these areas were to promote environmental literature. These writers were the natives or workers in the oil company. In this paper some structures of short stories influenced by oil company, were reviewed between 1320-1350 (AH). Results showed anger, hate, nihilism atmosphere, hope, happyness, immigration, poverty and lack of job security were dominant features.

William Faulkner is a modernist writer who mainly influenced on Iranian authors including Symphony of Dead Persons, by Abbas Maroufi. In this essay, we analyze the speed of narration in “the Sound and the Fury” by relying on Gerard Genette’s narrative discourse theory and its effective factors. Speed and rhythm of narration is a very important element in narration and one of the most important parameters in plot. Narration speed is analyzed for the reason that it shows the period of time the actions and events happen in a literary work and the volume of book they have occupied in evaluation with this period. In many sections of novel “the Sound and the Fury”, acceleration is negative and speed of narration slow; but total narration speed to the whole of novel is middle; because parameters of increasing or decreasing speed of narration were used in a balanced form in this novel, which caused the balanced speed in the whole of novel. The author used some techniques for compensation of narration slowness in different parts of novel in order to increase the stimulation; as a result, this novel is full of excitement, dynamics, movement, fear and unrest, internal and external challenges in spite of the slow speed of narration. In other words, this rhythmic novel has a slow rhythm and fast tempo. Therefore, this essay analyzes the speed of narration and its effective factors, as well as the author’s techniques for increasing narration movement and dynamics in an analytical form.

Many of the great Persian poems have powerful narrative structure and they transfer ideas and concepts from the language of different real or symbolic characters. One poem that is categorized in this field is Chahar Chaman, a poem by Shahdaie Shirzi. This article aims at answering the question that what kind of belief and thought are each of the symbolic characters going to present? And how does Shahdaie exploit narrative elements for the progress of meta-thoughts? This article, which is the opening-way in recognizing Chahar Chaman poem, investigates the narrative structure of this unknown poem by analyzing its character, point of view, and scenery, and tries to survey the reason of utilizing plants and flowers in relation to its subject.

The feminists concede that the human civilization was under the influence of men and has always been making women dependant on them. They also argue that there has been a constant male domination on literal works, leaving women nothing much, but second rate figures. Therefore they propose a dire need to reconsidering and challenging the past literal works, focusing on depicting female affections. In addition to female writers, some male ones have reflected such notions in their works criticizing the unjust behaviors upon women. BahramBeizaei, corresponding with feminists, is amongst those who have tried to restate the true position of women in the society by depicting a different face of them in his plays. The dominating, disparaging, sexual and instrumental stances adopted by a male dominated society towards women, alongside with women’s inactive response, are the main feministic issues featured in BahramBeizaei’s plays. The present essay is a feministic approach to three of Beizaei’s plays i.e. Pardeh Khaneh, the facts about Leila, the daughter of Edris, Nodbeh.

This study investigates the peace concept in Shamlou's poem, with emphasis on Fresh Breath book. To this end, Content Analysis has been used. First, based on definitions of peace, this concept is classified in 3 classes: freedom, fraternity and reclamation. Also, for more objectivity, based on Moean's dictionary, each of these items was classified in some classes and codes had divided between them. Results show that the peace concept exists in Shamlou's Poem, too much. In 61 poems of all poems, peace is identifiable. Majority of codes, i.e 47.3% of them, had situated in fraternity item. In conclusion, based on results of this research, we can know Shamlou as a peaceful poet that in his era, his poem is harbinger of freedom, friendship and fraternity.