نشریه جغرافیا و مطالعات محیطی
پیاپی 16 (زمستان 1394)

Today, population has become an important issue in development and lack of development. Phenomena of urbanization, as one of the most important consequences population growth in the 21st century, is that had the crisis and seriously damaged to development process areas and cities and led to has the development of severe inequality. The purpose of this study is the relationship analyzing between population and development in the provinces. The method of Research is, descriptive and analytical. Parameters studied is, 7 demographic indicators, and 30 indicators economic, cultural, industrial, and housing. To the data analysis, was used from TOPSIS model, statistical correlation, regression, analysis of variance. The results show that, Tehran and the Alborz were identified the most development respectively 0.9861 and 0.9824 and the provinces of Sistan and Blochestan with the development of the 0.0069 as undeveloped. Multiple correlation coefficients will confirm with the 0.901 relationship between population and development indicators. Regression coefficient indicates that is the 76.5% of the changes development province from indicators’ population (population density, urbanization rate, activity rate, Dependence coefficient, literacy rate, sex ratio of immigrants entered).

According to expansion of human communication and impacts on urban development. The bridge will be role as part of a modern urban form beyond only physical contact and according to need for social connections, creating memories, mental, spiritual identity­­ and dynamic function of the sustainability urban, need to define the concept and framework for achieving the goals and needs noted is important. The concept of bridge space that previously had the value status can be redefined and be more clarification in the relationship. Therefore with analytical method and the benefit of documentary data and existing literature, study of the formation and changes to its conceptual and physical bridge to today's evolution of this ­and withinterpretation- historical techniques to recover important features, such as bridges physical, social, symbolic, functional and identity value attribute. In order to achieve humanities optimal communication, according to the common notions of bridge _space with dynamic urban, concept of bridge _space have been introduced. In more exact definition “bridge-space” as an urban stable space is a concept having the properties of making mental memory and spiritual identity and can meet personal needs of audience and provides functional dynamic ground in city bed by functional variety and representation of collective life. Among the functions we can refer to bridge museums, bridge galleries and bridge markets which are introduced as samples near to bridge-space and all must structurally have proper space for inducing sense of pause for making social link and mental memory, meeting individual needs and providing cultural- artistic hang out which are compatible with the main subject, all of which are important points in designing bridges.

The concept of urban environment that is interpreted as urban space and city view is not anything more than body and structure environment of the city. City is world of traditions, customs and organized tendencies, emotions and so on. The aim of this study is analizing of citizens satisfaction of quality of Eivan city environment. In this study in terms of purpose a descriptive and analitic method has been applied.Statistic socity is all of eyvan citizens .data collected by librarign and qutstionnqire approach and the(qutstionnqire) was set by 5-choiees linkert spectrum.and to analyze hypothesizes the SPSS software was used. the results shows that level of Eyvan citizen satisfaction is lessthan average level.so,the quality of Eyvan citizen satisfaction is in a low level.and there is a significant relationship beyween all of indexes of urban environment quality and the rate of citizen satisfaction.and there is a significant relationship beyween individual charactrictics and life quality.

Today Nature tourism is an important part of the tourismactivities in the world dedicated. Therefore, issues related to ecotourism and sustainable tourism spaces, more than anything requires planning and optimal utilization of available resources through accurate identification of proneareas for tourism. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the ability of natural features and to identify spaces prone township Boroojerd ecotourism and determine its development strategies. methods the study was a descriptive survey research and analysis. GIS software for data analysis and SWOT model is used. The results show that the eastern and western zones of the city has ideal conditions for the development of been ecotourism. It is also acceptable in planning strategies for ecotourism Boroojerdtownship, aggressive strategy (SO) has been designated as a priority. In the aggressive strategies, strategy SO4 with a score of 4/91 was the first priority. to achieve targets and develop ecotourism by taking advantage of this strategy, identify the ecotourism axes, the enhancement of facilities and services on the axes,with the aim of attracting and developing tourism and creating jobs and sustainable incomes recommended.

Globalization has had various effects on metropolises, changes of expenditure patterns is one of the important ones. The changes of expenditure pattern have caused change of land application (from the traditional form to the modern form) and many problems. Consequently this study has been conducted in Saaadat Abaad quarter in district 2 of Tehran city in order to investigate effective factors in the changes of expenditure pattern. The volume of statistical community is 30 thousand people among whom 380 improbable sample have been chosen by Cochran formula. The study is conducted by descriptive-analytic research method and has a practical-applicable goal. The data and information have been gathered in both ways of desk study and field study. Data analyses have been done by inferential test, Pearson and Regression inferential, in addition to quantitative and descriptive subjects. The research results indicate that the first prior application (retailers, bakeries, supermarkets, and ...) have owned the least share of 9.16 % in 2013 while the fourth prior application and unnecessary applications ( pizza places, coffee shops,...) have enhanced their share by 48% from 2005 and the previous years. The globalization variables have affected the expenditure pattern as the highest correlation index of traveling abroad and using new applications of 0,527 can be observed. It means that as much as the globalization penetrates the society's culture, their expenditure pattern will change. In addition to the globalization variables, aging, education, economical condition of the residents and the income enhancement of these applications are also effective which will pave the way for using modern applications .

Todays, a significant part of everyday life is spent in areas outside the central city street texture due to the connection between the user types, the presence of different classes of people. Therefore, the present study was to become the Imam Street in downtown Golpayegan of the Pedestrian-Street is based on an integrated analysis is studied. This is due to the particular situation in the city streets and commercial applications and services around their daily considerable amount of compression can be mounted and dismounted welcome, good capacity to become the Pedestrian-Street. To perform an integrated analysis of the factors influencing the street into the Pedestrian-Street interior and exterior have been extracted from authentic texts. Then the Imam in "physical-functional", "Transport and Traffic", "economy", "social", "ecological" and "management" is evaluated and the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and future threats identified. Then, using a matrix of internal and external factors, the quantitative assessment of the situation of street is discussed. Finally, charting prioritize strategies, it was found that the conversion of Imam Street to Pedestrian-Street is located in an offensive position. This represents relative strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats for conditions to become Imam Street to the Pedestrian-Street. Nevertheless, it is recommended to achieve maximum success of the plan is to adopt appropriate solutions to the weaknesses and threats. Implementation of the multi-stage plan, organize the sidewalks of downtown, remove incompatible applications from the Pedestrian-Street and strengthening of the public transport system, including the initial proposals for the Pedestrian-Street.

One of the problems of tourism in iran, such as Ardabil province is lack of balance in space organization and lack of hierarchy based on interactive relationship between tourism areas. Ranking of substructures and tourism attractions in different areas of a province and balanced distribution of substructures and balance of Inequality in different areas, is one of essential actions of tourism development. Therefore, ranking of areas is necessary for preparation programs of the land for guiding tourists based on possibilities, facilities and tourism substructures and for welfare of tourists and decreasing bioenvironment damages. The aim of present research is the ranking of cities in Ardabil province based on substructures and tourist attractions and studying the effective factors in attracting the tourists and identifying the existent potentials in the regions. The research method is descriptive - analytic and applicational method. The used measures in the present research have been selected by using views of specialists of related area and using the existent theoretical bases. AHP model has been used for determining the importance of the used measures in the research and VIKOR model has been used for ranking the cities of the province. The research results indicate that Ardabil, meshkinshahr, and sarein have been scored 1,2,3 for having substructures and tourist attractions, respectively. The considerable point is that, much tendency is not observed for making related substructures in some of the cities, although they have tourist attractions.

Equal and equitable development of geographical spaces requires an accurate and comprehensive study of economic, social, cultural issues and better knowledge of the needs of a society and improving them. The healthcare section as one of the important social sections of Iran, has a determining role in the health and wellbeing of individuals and the society. Fair access of all individuals to healthcare services is a foreground for creating justice in the society which results in the promotion of health level as well as creating equal opportunities in the society. In this line, the present study is to investigate and evaluate the degree of enjoyment of townships of Fars Province from healthcare indices proportionate to the population of each township. The present study is an applied one which uses a descriptive-analytical method. After extracting healthcare indices from the annual statistic book of 2011 of Fars Province, weighting indices was conducted using entropy method and then, using models of topsisand morris, the townships of the province were ranked and the final rank of each township was obtained using an integration method mean ratings. The results of the present study indicate that there are significant differences among the townships of the province in terms of enjoying healthcare indices in such a way that Jahrom, Fasa, Pasargad and Shiraz, with great differences are in the first ranks and Kherameh, kavar, Kazeroon and Rostam are in the last ranks. The value of the calculated dispersion coefficient indicate the lack of equitable distribution of healthcare indices in Fars province. Further, the result of Spearman was obtained as 0.196 which indicates that there is a weak correlation between population rank and the rank of the enjoyment of townships from healthcare indices.