Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Autumn 2010

Seeds of Galbanum (Ferula gummosa Boiss.) are characterized by a very low rate of germination in the laboratory condition due to the difficulties to find efficient breaking factors of the complex dormancy of these seeds. To some extent gibberellic acid (GA3) and cold temperatures can contribute to the removal of dormancy. In this study the effects of gibberellic acid pretreatments (0, 000, 0000, 0000 mM) and different temperatures (-°02C, °2C, °2C) given during seeds soaking step were measured on changes in electrophoretic patterns of proteins of different treated samples. The seeds pre-treated with 000 mM GA3 or °2C germinated with a germination rate of °°2 and °2 respectively. Lots of seeds, treated by other temperature conditions, which were not germinated, have an electrophoretic profile of proteins mainly characterized by the absence of three polypeptide bands. These bands are present in the protein fraction of seeds treated with GA3 and ° °C even if the seeds did not have germinated. A °3kDa polypeptide not well present in GA3 or °2C treated germinated and non-germinated seeds, was well presented in recalcitrant seeds. The comparison with the standard profile of alpha- amylase shows that two of these polypeptide bands correspond to this enzyme. The heterogeneity of F.gummosa response to dormancy breaking treatment was accompanied by changes in the levels of some peptides of interest in order to study further in the future. These results also highlight the role of GA3 and coldness on the synthesis of alpha-amylase involved in the metabolic activation for seeds germination of Ferula gummosa.

In this study we examined effects of the different concentrations of 05-β estradiol and progesterone (0 (control), 0.0, 3.0°, 1.00 μM) on the growth rate and fruit body formation of Pleurotus florida. We cultured Pleurotus florida in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium for °0 days and measured the diameters of colonies after the 1th and 5th day of inoculation. Then protein content was measured by Lowry Method and protein profile determined by SDS-Page. The results showed that the estroidal (estradiol) treatments increased the rate of growth in comparison with the control. Also the results showed that in 1.00 μM progesterone treatment, the colony’s diameters were higher than the other treatments. In 0.0 μM estradiol, fruit body formation was stimulated on the 0°th day after treatment. In this treatment (0.0 μM estradiol) we showed that protein content was higher than the other samples. In the different hormonal treatments we showed vertical growth besides horizontal growth. The Gel electrophoresis of proteins showed that some polypeptide bands with low molecular weight were absent in the different steroid treatment.

Soil salinity affects plant growth and development due to harmful ion effects and water stress caused by reduced osmotic potential in the soil solution. Furthermore, Cd is a pollutant that has been emitted into the environment for decades. Major anthropogenic sources are Cd-containing phosphate fertilizers, sewage sludge and industrial emissions. Plants undergo one or more stress during their life cycle. The effects of 02°0200 µM Cd° (Cd(NO3)°.°H°O) and 0200250200020°02000 mM NaCl on growth , the content of some ions and proline contents in Banana (Musa acuminata var. Mas) were investigated in present study. With increasing concentrations of Cd° or NaCl alone in culture media, growth parameters, Chlorophylls and proline contents decreased. Combination treatment with salinity and cadmium decreased the negative effects observed following the two stresses alone. Plants exhibiting growth retardation, none cadmium accumulation in response to one mild stress factor (50200020°0 mM NaCl).the exposure of plants to cadmium caused a partial reversal of effect of salinity. Root and shoot growth, ion accumulation, sensitivity index and other physiological responses were improved at moderate concentrations of two stress factors imposed jointly.

This study is aimed to evaluate the effects of electromagnetic fields (B=00, °3 mT(AC)), at 00 Hz frequency on Xanthoria parietina and Lepraria lobificans. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, parietin and proline in both species treated with electromagnetic fields 00, °3mT decreased in compare to control. Only chlorophyll a in L. lobificans and xanthophyll in X. parietina in treated with electromagnetic fields 00mT increased in comparison with control. Proline compound in X. parietina increased in treated with electromagnetic fields °3mT in compare to control. The results indicated that different periods of electromagnetic fields cause physiological response in lichens.

In this research effects of aqueous extracts (0, 02, 002, 302) and decompose of Eucalyptus leaf (in ratio 0, 32,12 with soil) on growth parameters, chlorophyll a, b, soluble sugars and phenolic compounds content of canola (Brassica nupus L) in pot condition were evaluated. The results showed that length, fresh and dry weight of canola were decreased when exposed to different concentrations of decompose while aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus leaf increased them. In addition aqueous extracts and decompose of Eucalyptus leaf increased chlorophyll a , b and rate of them in canola leaf. The findings also indicated canola leaf treatment with aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus increased the soluble sugars in comparison to the control but decompose of Eucalyptus leaf reduced these compounds. On the other hand, Phenolic compounds in canola leaf in response to Eucalyptus aqueous extracts were decreased while decompose of Eucalyptus leaf did not have considerable effect on them.

Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) has a distribution from Astara in Guilan to Gildaghi in Golestan province in North part of Iran. This species is used widely in reforestation programs because of its suitable growth, production and resistance against cold and drought. Investigation on metabolic evaluation of seeds has shown that most of them were hollow and early abscission. In this investigation, the effect of plant nutrition was studied during ° years in Gisoum region in Guilan province. The amount of potassium, calcium, natrium, magnesium and phosphorus was measured by atomic absorption and spectrophotometer in leaves. Samplings were done in four months (June, July, August and September). Sampling from soil was done and the chemical and physical properties were determined. The amount of elements showed that the amount of Mg was optimum but phosphorus was more and calcium was much more than required. In spite of optimum amount of potassium in soil, measurement of K in leaves showed a severely deficient. Results indicated that pH of soil has changed about 0- ° unit from neutral to acidic (0-0.°) reaction during past 30 years. In acidic soils, the absorption of K by roots is limited but the absorption of Ca is increased .This caused disorder in Ca/K ratio. This situation along with climatical changes caused reduction in production and remaining of seeds in ash.

In this investigation, the effects of different levels of nitrate on nodulation inoculated root system of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Shiny red) as well as dry weight of root, stem and leaves and also content and distribution of Na, K, Ca, Mg and phosphorus in the organs of treated plants have been studied. The obtained results showed that low amount of nitrate increased dry weight of root, shoot and leaves. In contrast, high amount of nitrate at00 and 00mM decreased above mentioned growth parameters. Increased nitrate levels caused an increase of K, Na, Mg and Ca content of root, stem and leaves. The Na, Ca and Mg contents in leaves and K contents in root system of plants were considerably higher than their content in other organs. Phosphorus content of different organs of plants also showed an increase when nitrate levels increased. The presence of leghemoglobin in nodules was considered as an index for its nitrogen fixation activity. The size and number of nodule decreased with increasing the nitrate levels. High level of nitrate at00mM completely inhibited nodulation processes.

The antimicrobial activities of in vitro grown callus extract and in vivo grown Ocimum basilicum L. plant leaves extracts were studied and compared. Effect of extraction solvent was also assessed. These extracts were tested in vitro against eight bacterial strains following disc diffusion method. The results indicated that in vitro grown callus extracts of O. basilucum exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against tested Gram positive microorganisms as compared to in vivo grown plant material extract. These findings indicate towards potential use of biotechnology for natural therapeutic agent production.