Journal of Research and Health
Volume:6 Issue: 2, May-Jun 2016

Most students use backpacks to carry their school supplies. Backpack carriage affects posture, physiological costs and physical performance. Limited literature concerning the effects of backpack load effect on pulmonary capacities of schoolchildren has been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different backpack weights on pulmonary capacities of schoolchildren.
30 healthy subjects participated in this study. Subjects, completed two 20min exercise stages for each backpack condition [no backpack (0%) and backpack weighing 5, 10 or 15 % of body weight. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and (FEV1/FVC) for each condition were measured in 30.
The main effect of load was found to be significant for FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. Restrictive effects on the pulmonary function due to backpack carriage were determined.
Carrying a backpack with weights generally decreased lung capacity is elementary school students. Obviously carrying backpacks heavier more serious consequences will follow appropriate strategies should therefore carry a backpack to remove the Iranian elementary school students.

Adolescents, especially girls, are of susceptible groups in a community which have not paid enough attention to their needs. The aim of the present study was to determine the knowledge of high school girls about the requirements of puberty and menstruation. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 Iranian girls studied in high schools. They were selected according to a classified-cluster sampling method. A researchermade questionnaire composed of 44 questions was employed to obtain demographic information and to estimate the puberty and menstruation knowledge level. The results indicated the moderate knowledge of high school girls about puberty and menstruation requirements (50 to 75%). The need for learning the health principles of puberty and menstruation was 97.2% and 85.9%, respectively. The knowledge on the correct way of gentile cleaning was 57.7%. They were mostly learned about puberty and menstruation by their mother (as 51.1% and 54.2%, respectively).There was a significant relation between the knowledge on puberty and menstruation and education level of mother, age of mother, and job of father. Since the knowledge about puberty and menstruation in girls was in moderate level, training programs are necessary for girls in this age range to make them more knowledgeable

Divorce is a common and stressful experience based on legal separating from a long-term partner that can have serious effects on mental health. In Women ranking of stressful events Divorce is Vulnerable than men. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on the hopeness and Loneliness in divorced women. The design of this study was quasi-experimental research.The population of the study, consists of 100women who divorced Bardaskan city welfare office in 1392year. A sample include 20 individual who were hopeless and loneliness and have Input and output criteria(Such as child taken away from the mother, not receiving psychological treatment, the lack of physical disease, minimum Diploma in Education and maximum Bachelor of Education, the separation time(1 to2 years),Criteria for exclusion include temporary marriage, marriage during performance, the risk of physical illness, having psychotic disorders, drug addiction)selected with available sampling method and randomly were assignment into two experimental(N=10)and control(N=10)group and were tested by Miller’s Hopeless questionnaire and Russell’s Loneliness questionnaire. Then, experimental group receive 12 session of cognitive- behavioral therapy techniques and control group not received any treatment. In the end, information from both groups recollected and Follow-up tests were performed one month after the intervention.The findings showed that there was a significant difference between experimental and control group(p

Substance use among teenagers appears to be more a function of peer approval and peer drug use. This study examined the relationship between adolescents’ self-derogation and their responses to Peers’ Approval of Drug Abuse (PADA) among male secondary school students. In this study, 3000 students 7th to the 9th grade secondary schools completed a self-report questionnaire consisting of self-derogation/rejection and peer drug abuse approval measure. About 86% of students announced, most of their peers disapproved of the people using drugs, the higher the grade levels of the respondents, the higher their level of self-derogation and approval of drug abuse. The relationships were found between grade level and self-derogation, and also PADA. Grade of the students and their responses to Approval of Drug Abuse had statistically significant effects on the sense of self-derogation among the students. Our findings supported the higher the level of self-derogation amongst the students by grade level, the higher the level of their positive response to PADA. Significant differences were found in the student’s selfderogation by PADA suggest that and self-derogation and PADA are two factors that might precede drug dependency among this sample of male students.

This study aimed to standardize, stabilize, and validate the optimism questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior in the first-grade high school male adolescents. The present descriptive study was conducted on 170 male students in the first grade of high school. The study data were collected using a questionnaire. In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed using the SPSS statistical software (version 19) and SAS 9.2. High internal consistency values were obtained for all the subscales. The results of factor analysis showed that 14 significant factors had eigen values greater than one values and 71.22% of the variance was determined by these factors. In addition, using CFA based on the theory of planned behavior, four factors were considered for the 45 questions of the questionnaire which determined 39.98% of the variance. The results indicated that the optimism questionnaire was a valid and reliable instrument to be used among the students in the first grade of high school.

Theoretically and conceptually the constructs of alexithymia and Type D personality share many common characteristics. Despite both measures being utilized widely in psychosomatic research, to-date no study has examined the constructs simultaneously. The present study was done to determine if alexithymia and Type D personality are distinct or overlapping constructs.
in this descriptive-survey research 384 students (248 female and 136 male) were selected via randomized multi stage sampling method among Hamadan Universities( Hamadan Islamic Azad, Bu-Ali Sina and Medical Sciences Universities) and answered to Toronto alexithymia (TAS,20) and type D personality scales. Data were analyzed using exploratory confirmatory factor analysis with SPSS.16 and LISREL 8.5
Findings: The analysis revealed that the five factor model was an acceptable fit for the data (93/0 AGFI=0.93, RMSEA=0.03, NFI=0.99).
These results provide evidence to suggest that alexithymia and Type D are distinct and separate constructs. However, future research should aim to replicate these findings in population and clinical samples.

Because commitment is related to better communication, greater happiness and more constructive behavior during difficulties is important and thus study factors that designer in marital commitment is important. The aim this study was examine the predictive role of Relationship Maintenance Behaviors and Attachment Styles in marital commitment of personnel of state welfare organization of North Khorasan. This study is a descriptive–correlation study. The study population were all married personnel of state welfare organization of North Khorasan and the sample consisted 155 (67 males and 88 females) persons of they that were selected by multi stage cluster sampling. For data gathering was used from questionnaires such as Marital Commitment and personality Five-Factor Inventory. Data analysis was performed by SPSS18 software and using Pearson Correlation and enter multiple regression methods.Results showed that relationship maintenance behaviors and attachment styles predict 38/7% of variance of marital commitment and positively and significantly correlated with it. The relationship maintenance behaviors and attachment styles are important predictive factors for marital commitment and may with teaching the relational maintenance behaviors to wives, promote and teaching the good parenting styles to patent, enhance of stanch and commitment to the marital commitment in wives.

Ability to communicate effectively , one of the most essential skills for health workers , especially nurses, nurses are on call around the clock with the patient and family are essential to public health . The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of training nurses to promote of effective communication Professional Related To Client’s Health. . This research is a quasi experimental study . The study sample consisted of 50 nurses who were selected by convenience sampling method .the data collation tool was a two- part questionnaire consisting of demographic questionnaire and Sussman & Krivonos’s Identify communication questionnaires. The intervention consisted of a 6- hours workshop on Effective Communication. Data using Spss version 20 and descriptive statistics, paired t- tests and chi-square were analyzed . 70 % participants were female . The mean (SD ) age of the participants worked 30.58 ( 5.68 ) years , 10.42 ( 6.42 ) years. Results showed that the mean score of the subjects of communication significantly after intervention in three subgroups subordinates, superiors and colleagues , respectively, 11.62 , 8.78 , 6.04 3- subgroup scores increased that these changes were significant . Key words : Education , Nurse, Effectiveness, Communication Professional, Health, Client

Introduction and Feelings of frustration and deprivation due to lack of normal children can cause isolation and lack of interest in the relationship with the mother of the outcome of self-esteem depression, and endangerment Mental mother. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment to increasing the resiliency of the mothers of children with learning difficulties. The study sample consisted of all mothers of children with learning difficulties referred to Raha learning center (Hashtgerd) in 1393.
Method of study, was experimental with pretest-posttest control group. Group Training (Acceptance and Commitment) 9 sessions over 9 weeks for the experimental group was given. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the analysis of covariance was used.
The results indicate that the training program is based on acceptance and commitment to increase the resiliency of mothers of children with learning difficulties was effective (F= 63/78 and P This study confirms the effectiveness of group-based acceptance and commitment to increase the resiliency of mothers of children with learning difficulties, Showed that training is based on acceptance and commitment applicability and can be used as a psychological intervention used in conjunction with other interventions.

The purpose of present study was to investigate effectiveness of aerobic and non-aerobic exercise training on some inflammatory markers that affects on creation cardiovascular disease. 45 young healthy men randomly among students of Hamadan Payame Noor University divided to 3groups including: 1.] experimental group1 including aerobic exercise training, 2.] Experimental group2 including non-aerobic exercise training and 3.] Control group. Then experimental groups were trained their exercise training for 8weeks. Control group didnt any exercise training in this period. Levels of CRPhs, IL-6, HDL, LDL and Fibrinogen were assessed and compared before and after exercise period. levels of Fibrinogen in experimental group1 decreased significantly at the post-test than pre-test [P≤0.05], also results showed that levels of CRPhs in experimental group1 decreased significantly than control group (F=3.853, P≤0.029). Levels of Fibrinogen in experimental group1 decreased significantly at the post-test than control group (F=3.579, P≤0.037). In experimental group2 levels of HDL increased significantly at the post-test than control group (F=4.007, P≤0.026). Other variables did not change in any groups. Both aerobic and non-aerobic exercise training has beneficial effectiveness on some cardiovascular risk factors, but executing aerobic training has the more beneficial results than non-aerobic training.

The aim of the present research was to study the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on the analogy method on depression, anxiety of Students in karaj.
This study is a quasi-experimental design with pre-test post-test and follow-up. The population of the city of Karaj Region 3 All students in urban schools were in the 90-91 school year after the Spielberger questionnaire STAL-Y (1983, Form 40 question) and questionnair depression Maria Kovacs CDI (1977, Form 27 question) Students with the highest scores on anxiety and depression got the lowest score, followed by cloning selected randomly assigned to experimental and control groups.
There was a significant difference between two groups in depression and anxiety after the final session of intervention. Cognitive therapy based on the analogy significantly decreased the rate of depression and anxiety in the experimental group. The changes were persistent in 6 months of follow-up.
Cognitive therapy based on the analogy method decreased the depression and anxiety in infertile women in Ahvaz and increased the fertility in them. So these results indicated that stress management is considered as an important part of the treatment.