مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 382 (هفته دوم تیر 1395)

Obesity is among the factors that are linked with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, findings of previous studies on the relationship between obesity and GERD were conflicting. We aimed to assess the relationship between obesity and GERD in a large group of Iranian adults.
This cross-sectional study was performed on 4457 adults. Anthropometric measures were obtained by the use a validated self-reported questionnaire. Subjects were classified into three categories based on their body mass index (BMI): normal weight, overweight and obese. Also they were classified into three categories based on their waist circumference: normal, abdominally overweight and abdominally obese. The prevalence of gastrointestinal reflux disease was assessed according to Rome III criteria. Additional information about other variables was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire.
Findings: The prevalence of GERD among study population was 23.9%. In crude model, the obese individuals had a 58% greater chance for GERD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25-1.98), compared to those with normal weight. However, after adjustment for dietary habits and waist circumference, this association disappeared (OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 0.75-1.48). After adjustment for confounders, those with abdominal obesity had a 43% greater odd for GERD (OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.13-1.85). However further adjustment for weight interaction lead to a non-significance association (OR = 1.26, 95%CI: 0.96-1.65). Stratified analysis by gender revealed no significant association between obesity and GERG in men. But obese women had 43% increased odds of GERD and abdominally obese women had 51% higher odds of GERD; although adjustment for the mutual effects of waist circumference and weight disappeared these relations. There was no significant association between general or abdominal obesity and frequency or severity of GERD, after adjustment for all potential confounders.
General obesity was significantly associated with increased risk of GERD; however, this association disappeared after controlling for dietary habits and waist circumference. Abdominally obese individuals had higher odds of GERD, compared to those with normal waist circumference.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is a protein that plays an important role in neuroprotection, neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, by which it plays an important role in motor learning. The presence of val66met single nucleotide polymorphism in one area of the BDNF gene Leads to disruption in the expression of this protein. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether this polymorphism can impair the learning of the complex motor skill.
100 students from different universities in Kashan, Iran, (mean age 21/60 ± 2/20) were randomly selected and after genetic test, we identified 46 people without val66met polymorphism, while the other 54 were affected. 28 people of both genetic group (56 people overall), after Pre-test, practiced badminton drop shot for
10 sessions, and 72 hours after the last training session, the post-test had been done. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to investigate the normality of data distribution, and independent t-test and repeated measures ANOVA were used for data analysis (α = 0.05).
Findings: Results showed that, although both groups improved their performance through exercise, there was no significant difference between the groups in the pre and post-test.
Results of the study showed no significant differences between people with and without val66met polymorphism in the learning of badminton drop shot; however, this may be due to many factors including the type of task and the exercise protocol used in this study.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal malignancy of hematopoietic stem cells. Type of fusion in these patients can be clinically significant and help to better understand the pathogenesis of leukemic cells with t (9:22). The aim of this study is to check BCR-ABL mutations and determine the prevalence of various gene fusions using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method in patients with CML.
After making sure of having the disease and signing the written consent, 5-8 ml blood was taken from patients with aseptic technique. After RNA extraction, blood samples were centrifuged to separate mononuclear cells (MNCs) and complete RNA was extracted. Multiplex reaction PCR was carried out in 35 cycles.
Findings: All 40 patients were positive in terms of BCR-ABL fusions. Of them 21 persons (52.5%) had b3a2 fusion and 16 persons (38.88%) with b2a2 fusion and finally 3 persons with ale2 fusion.
Uniformity of reaction products and the results obtained in this study showed that RT-PCR method is feasible as a fast, sensitive and safe method to determine the prevalence of BCR-ABL genes in the sampling of peripheral blood. Also, the difference in the rate of fusion due to racial differences in the population can be studied.

Studies reported that graft survivals with living kidney donors (LKD) are better than cadaveric kidney donors (CKD), while, other studies confirm good graft function and satisfactory graft survival from CKD. This study sought to compare graft survival after kidney transplantation in patients received kidney from CKD and LKD and their surgical complications in a single center in Iran.
This historical cohort study involved two groups. Group1 included 69 kidney recipients who received their renal transplant from CKD. The group 2 consisted of 143 renal transplant recipients with kidneys coming from LKD.
Findings: No significant differences existed in surgical complications between the two groups. Graft survival rates at 1, 3 and 4 years were 99, 85 and 85 percent in group1 and 99, 96 and 78 percent in group2. There was no significant difference in graft survival rates between the two groups.
Renal transplant from CKD is associated with good graft survival and low surgical complications. Also, it is possible to transplant other organs from a cadaveric. So, in our experience, CKD may be considered an optimal option for renal transplantation.

Presbycusis is the progressive sensorineural hearing loss during aging and is one of the most common chronic diseases of the elderly. Due to slow progress and high prevalence, it is usually underestimated. Collaboration of environmental factor and susceptibility genes by inducing cochlear cell death is responsible for it. These cells lose the ability of regeneration, so presbycusis is irreversible and doesn’t have a treatment. Presbycusis slowly affects communication skills, so may lead to dependency, isolation, and frustration and will reduce quality of life of patients and those surrounding them. It has a great social and economic impact on public health. Focus on new biomedical approaches such as cell and gene therapy and regenerative medicine created new hope for treatment. Because of the growing elderly population, the prevalence of presbycusis will raise higher. Right now we should make a decision to deal with this growing population. It’s the only way to increase the quality of life of future elderly and also lead to economic savings and promoting ear health. Here we review the different aspect of presbycusis from risk factors to future treatment view. With the aim of highlighting the importance of disease and demonstrating the need for research on intracellular mechanisms of presbycusis in order to finding early diagnosis, effective intervention and treatment.