مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان
پیاپی 386 (هفته دوم امرداد 1395)

Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), disturbing spinal cord and optic nerves specified by the presence of pathogenic serum autoantibodies against aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in the majority of patients . The role of T-cell is ambiguous. OX40 (CD134) is member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and is expressed selectively on activated T lymphocytes which increases in several autoimmune diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum OX40 levels in patients with NMO.
The study involved 19 patients with NMO and 19 controls. Serum OX40 levels were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Findings: The present study showed no significant different between OX40 levels in the serum of patients with NMO compared with controls (P = 0.378). Serum level of OX40 in women were lower than men (P = 0.470). In addition, we found that median serum OX40 levels in AQP4 Ab-serpositive were higher than seronegative NMO patient but was not statistically significant (P = 0.410).
Serum OX40 levels could not be used as a diagnostic or treatment marker for NMO.

This study was aimed to compare the hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin and labetalol infusion for hypertension and heart rate control in the before and during induction to cardiopulmonary arrest in patients under coronary artery bypass graft.
In a clinical trial study, 70 candidates for coronary bypass were selected and randomly divided in the two groups. In the first group nitroglycerin and in the second group labetalol was injected and hemodynamic changes, blood gas levels, incidence of arythmia during and after surgery was measured. Also amount of anti-arythmic drugs, inotrop, pack cell and DC shock need were studied and compared between the two groups.
Findings: Incidence of cardiac arrhythmia in the nitroglycerin and labetalol was 9 and 5 (25.7% VS 3.14%) (P = 0.370), also need to anti-arrhythmic drugs in the two groups was 22.9% and 2.9%, respectively (P = 0.028).
Using labetalol in patients under coronary artery bypass graft is better than nitroglycerin for hemodynamic and blood gases. Also, incidence of cardiac arrhythmia during cardiopulmonary arrest is lower and labetalol is preferred to nitroglycerin and recommended according to surgeons and anesthesiologists.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between depression and the amount of pain relief after herniated disc surgery.
In a cross-sectional study carried out in 2015-2016, in the Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran, 300 patients undergoing lumbar disc hernia surgery were selected and the state of their mental disorder was determined using symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) questionnaire and pain intensity before surgery and at the time of discharge and 14 days after surgery was determined based on visual analog scale standard and the relationship between mental disorder and the pain was assessed before and after the surgery.
Findings: The mean score of mental disorders was 1.93 ± 0.37. According to the results, there is a direct correlation, 0.67 between the mean of pain score before the surgery and the mental disorder which was significant. There was a direct correlation between the mental disorder and pain score at discharge and at 14 days post- surgery, 0.74 and 0.55, respectively, which both were statistically significant (P The severity of mental disorders was associated with back pain in patients with herniated disc and the fact that mental disorders and can affect the quality of life. Thus, it is necessary for patients with disc herniation to be assessed and treated in terms of developing mental disorders.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Hypothyroidism are the two most common diseases in community and their co-morbidity were reported by some of studies and based on a hypothesis there is a relationship between MS and hypothyroidism. So the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of hypothyroidism among patients with MS.
In this cross sectional study, all patients with MS who referred to MS clinic of Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran, were examined for thyroid hormones and prevalence of hypothyroidism was determined.
Findings: In this study 726 patients with MS were studied and 2 patients suffered from hyper-thyroidism and were excluded. Of 724 patients with MS, 586 (70.9%) were female and 138 (19.1%) were male. The number of patients with hypothyroidism were 50 and prevalence of the hypothyroidism was 6.9%.
Prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with MS is higher than the general population (6.9% VS 2%). Thus, all patients with MS must be studied for thyroid disorders. Also more study must be done to determine of the relation between MS and hypothyroidism.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Breast cancer can involve patients, family and community from different dimensions and imposes significant economic burden on the health system and communities. Several risk factors for breast cancer are stated from which some are modifiable. Prevention is always focused towards factors that are changing including nutrients types. This review study investigates the relationship between diet and breast cancer in women.
First, English and Persian language documents were searched based on keywords associated with food consumption and breast cancer. The results were limited to published articles from 2000 to 2015. The manual search was done on research projects and textbooks.
Findings: Of 503 obtained articles, 119 were studied which related to various food consumption and breast cancer and only 48 articles were used in this study. In general, most findings suggest that food intake and dietary modification can reduce the incidence of breast cancer.
Regarding the increasing prevalence of breast cancer in the world and the effects of food on it, appropriate nutrition patterns with emphasis on reducing breast cancer are recommend and considered in global and national policy and planning.