نشریه مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی - فرهنگی
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 15، زمستان 1394)

In the modern world, changed social norms and values with socio-economic changes. One of the most important changes is Marriage and the family structure. By creating opportunities for women in the community and access to education and employment for them has been created tendency to delay marriage age. Women tend to play a new role and redefine their identity. Purpose of this research, is studies the girls lived experience of over 35 years through the grounded theory approach. The girls emphasized on their independent social and individual identity. They have to redefine their identity. However there is a pressure of traditional identity on the girl. Family and community emphasized to their marriage. Girls also tend to marry. In addition some structural factors effect on increasing the age of marriage and be single in girls. The girls have conflict in definition and construction their traditional and modern identity. They try to that balanced between traditional and modern identity.

Social and political life of human society depends on the cooperation and participation of its members. It will be built through public contributions and education as a social system requires the participation and cooperation of all the people. The system can process without the effective participation of people in different aspects of their education as well as practical. This research is descriptive and to investigate the reasons for people's participation and contribution in the development of educational space is Mazandaran province. The sample of 143 participants from all donors school design and construction managers, officers and experts associated with the school activities in the province were in 1392. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistics in this study, the frequency table, frequency, and charting and analytical in order to use data from the sample and identify significant statistical differences between the views, binomial test and Friedman Used. The results show that for economic reasons, social, cultural participation and cooperation of the people in order to develop effective educational space, but the results were indicative of the priority ranking of the cultural, social and economic participation.

Today, we observe changes in women demands and needs in society which they are aimed to realize their lost right, and achieve the gender equality. The present research has been done to study socio-cultural factors affecting the gender inequality, and variable, including democracy ideology, gender stereotyp beliefs and gender socialization have been researched. In this research, the gender inequality theories of feminists, Chafts gender inequalities views and Bordiew theory have been used. The statistical population of this research included women aged 20-49 of the Esfahan city that 385 of them were chosen as a sample. The sampling method is stratified in this research. The research findings indicated that the rate of gender inequality specially in cultural- economical dimentions is in favor of men. Also, there is no significant relationship between the gender streotypes beliefs and patriatich ideology and the gender inequality. However, the findings showed a significant relationship between the socialization style and gender inequality.

Discourse evolution of foundations, variables and influencing factors in development have led to conceptual evolution in the relation between " communication and development" , So that it's effects are also seen in development planning documents. Historical study of this evolution process in one hand, and recognition of both similarities and differences of important development plans on the other hand, present highlighting process of communication role in this field. Comparative study of communication in Sixth development plan(1355) that is the last development plan of prior regime and fourth development plan(1383) that is the first plan according to Iran's 20-year outlook plan presents historical similarities and differences from development and communication concepts. Prior sixth plan has studied " "informational and communicational aspects of national development planning" on the base of "transition from a traditional society to an information society" in 1355 by the Joint Committee on Information and communication planning, and the fourth development plan's mission is defined "knowledge-based sustainable economic growth "Based on Iran's 20-year outlook plan's goals. This paper describes and analyzes the concept of" communication "and" development" by content analysis of the theoretical documentations of tow plans (the report of planning Joint Committee of information and communication of sixth plan "(1355) and theoretical bases and documentation of fourth development plan "(1383) ) Based on this research, in sixth plan (1355), "national development" as developing aim and "transition from a traditional society to an information society" is problem of the country communication. These two concepts have been followed through Fourth plan (1383) with the goal of "sustainable economic growth" in development and "knowledge-based society" in communication.

The relationship between technology and cultural context is considered by many scholars. Whereas managers as part of their duties, develop organization's technology, analysis of environmental changes can help them predict the dominant technology. In this study, whilst introduce the different approaches of relationship between technology and culture, different aspects of this relationship and the intricacies of this process has been studied library. Historical trends indicate that the interaction of culture and technological developments. Opposition of Cultural elements of the "Heritage" and "technology" is at the heart of this interaction. Role of government decisions and policies of traditional intellectuals and ideology in the balance of this contrast is undeniable. In this study, in a model inputs and outputs of the technological development in the short and long term has been identified and "Birth to decline" process of a technological style in a cultural context has been studied Which can be used to improve the cultural policies of industrialized countries.

To clarify the rather general and indefinite concept of research-based schools as the criterion variable, an attempt was made based on structural and functional definitions of research-based schools to provide a framework of a conceptual map, so that a multi-dimensional concept could be selected. It considered personal, interpersonal, and structural dimensions for measuring the variable. The research method was descriptive utilizing a survey. The sampling population covered all teachers in Mazandaran province. A convenience sampling was employed to collect data from 360 testee using a researcher-made questionnaire, which was based on qualitative studies and literature reviews. To determine the validity of the technique, its content and face validities were measured. Accordingly, the content validity was 0.73 based on the Lash content validity index (1999). The Cronbach's alpha test was used to measure the reliability of the test. The reliability levels calculated for the internal and external structure of the school were 0.92 and 0.90 respectively. Reducing variables was applied utilizing the exploratory factor analysis and statistical method for modeling structural equations by partial least squares. Based on the relationships among observed variables and unobserved variables, the influence of each variable on research-based schools, and the factor loadings and T-Value between the variables, the results indicated that problem-solving, curiosity, critical thinking, collaboration, information literacy, cognitive skills and self-esteem were prioritized respectively. The results for the goodness of fit estimation regarding the scale of research-based school represented that the study enjoyed a construct validity.

The present paper aims to examine developing market orientation constraints and opportunities in Iranian higher education. In doing so, mix method was applied. A purposive sample of 10 informants consisting of higher education and marketing experts and deans was selected. After the implementation of interviews, to analyze data, open, axial, and selective coding system was applied. The initial questionnaire was designed, in order to validate components and Based on the findings of qualitative research phase. After verifying the reliability and validity, was conducted on the sample of 120 non-governmental deans of higher education institutions. A quantitative validation component was performed using the software PLS by factor analysis. And eventually, components were ranked using the Friedman test. Results show higher education market orientation constraints in order include economic constraints, institutional, administrative, educational, political, cultural and social; and Opportunities in order include internal efficiency, economic, educational and public.