نشریه مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی - فرهنگی
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 13، تابستان 1394)

School Bullying is a complex, widespread issue involving students for years however this psychosocial phenomenon has gained attention among researchers from 1980s. Most of the researches on bullying are mainly done by psychological perspective, thus this study tries to highlight the social factors associated with bullying. Given the aim of the study, three of the most famous criminology theories: General theory of crime, Differential association theory and General strain theory (GST) were chosen as the theoretical framework and three types of bullying (verbal, physical & social) were considered. Based on the theories It has been hypothesized that there is a positive correlation between low self control and bullying, differential association and bullying and general strain and bullying. The population of the study consists of all the high school students from first to third grade in Sari's urban area. A total of 410 persons were selected by stratified random sampling proportional to size. The results showed that 7.6 percent of the respondents never involved in bullying. 65.4 percent of students have bullying in low level, 22.2 percent in moderate and 4.9 percent of those in high extents. Also boys bully more than girls. Multiple regression analysis results also show that the variables low Self-control, differential association, and general strain are the strongest predictors of bullying.

Many studies have investigated the development issue but none focused on the economic development. The role of culture in development is proposed as one of the subjects connected to development as well.This studyis based on the Analytic-Applied research method and the numerical taxonomy usedTopsis models to analyze the results. The required data were collected using the filed study and reviewing the existing literature. Totally, 48 indices are considered to evaluate the cultural development coefficient in Hormozgan Province. The results indicate that Hormozgan is culturally underdeveloped.Based on the Topsis model, results show that the highest and lowest development coefficients are 0.54 (Abomosa) and 0.03(Khamir), respectively. Also, according to the cultural indices estimated by Numerical Taxonomy model, the highest and lowest development coefficient measured 0.66(Bandarabas) and 1.07(Khamir), respectively.Many studies have investigated the development issue but none focused on the economic development. The role of culture in development is proposed as one of the subjects connected to development as well.This studyis based on the Analytic-Applied research method and the numerical taxonomy usedTopsis models to analyze the results. The required data were collected using the filed study and reviewing the existing literature. Totally, 48 indices are considered to evaluate the cultural development coefficient in Hormozgan Province. The results indicate that Hormozgan is culturally underdeveloped.Based on the Topsis model, results show that the highest and lowest development coefficients are 0.54 (Abomosa) and 0.03(Khamir), respectively. Also, according to the cultural indices estimated by Numerical Taxonomy model, the highest and lowest development coefficient measured 0.66(Bandarabas) and 1.07(Khamir), respectively.

The purpose of this research was to analyzesimple and multiple relationships between social capital and moral intelligence with the responsibility in students at University of Kashan. Research type was descriptive correlative. The statistical population consisted of 7132 students in Universities of Kashan in an academic year 2014-2015.Cocran Formula from the 2700 was used to choose 258 students through the stratified randomized sampling.The instrument used forgathering information were a moral intelligence questionnaire with 40 items in 3 component (honest, forgiveness & compassion), social capital questionnaire with 24 items in 4 components (social partnership, social integration, social belongings& social trust) and a responsibility questionnaire with 42 items in 5 components (self-management, trusteeship, dutiful, organizing & progressivism) based on 5 likert scales. The validity of Questionnaires was confirmed by experts. Through Cronbach alpha coefficient, reliability coefficients were obtained equal to 0.83 for moral intelligence, 0.87 for social capital and 0.91 for responsibility. Data analyses were used in level inferential statistics (correlation, t-test, regression) through SPSS and Amos software’s. Finding showed mean of moral intelligence, social capital and responsibility components are bigger than average (3). There are positive and significant relationship between all of components moral intelligence and social capital with responsibility.

In contemporary sociological debates, the concept of social capital is as a rich theoretical concept with e dense research findings and Because of its association with different dimensions of development in the society, social and political policymakers have focused on investigation of its role on development. With this regard, the aim of the survey is to study the association between participation in religious communities and social capital among residents in Shiraz city. Using multi-stage cluster sampling method 410 participants (196 male, 214 female) randomly selected and answered to the questionnaire. The results show between participation in religious communities and the different dimensions of social capital such as social cohesion, inter-group trust and institutional trust there is a significant positive correlation, except social participation findings also show that correlation with institutional trust is stronger than other dimensions. This means that with increased participation in religious communities, participant's social capital increases. The investigators suggest future research to analyze the content of the messages in religious communities can also affect different dimension of social capital.

With purpose of determining tendency difference towards national identity based on belonging to ethnic minorities, the research tries to answer following question: is national identity tends to be based on different ethnic groups? The research is a descriptive – survey research. Statistical population consists of all students studying in Azad and State Universities in center of Golestan Province. According to the latest statistics, their number was 83110 persons. Cochran formula was used to determine sample volume. After removing incomplete questionnaire, obtained data from 430 participants were analyzed. Under – studied statistical sample was selected using random stratified sampling method. Needed data was collected using researcher – made questionnaire. Validity of tools was measured using nominal validity method and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach' Alpha which consist of 785/0respectively. Data analysis was conducted in two inferential and descriptive levels. The results indicate that behavioral dimension of national identity in students is higher than other dimensions (cognitive and emotional dimensions), but average indicator indicate that totally student's tendency towards national identity is in high level (4.118 of 5). Comparing ethnic groups in terms of tendency to national identity indicated that there is not a significant difference between ethnic groups in terms of tendency to national identity. Trivial differences show that Kurdish students have the maximum tendency, while Lor students have the minimum one, after Kurds, Turks and Turkmen. Persians are ranked in fifth rating and Sistani's are placed close to Persians as a lingual group. Ranking student's tendency in terms of study field indicated that there is a significant difference in this regard, so that the student studying in the fields of technical and engineering and then basic sciences have the maximum tendency, while the students in the fields of medical sciences and agricultural sciences are placed in last ratings.

After the 1979 Revolution, women in the field of public and higher education achieved substantial improvement. However, employment statistics show that their economic participation has not changed much compared to the pre-revolution era. While considering the mission of higher education, the objective of this article is trying to understand this gap and to seek ways of reducing it. The research method is based on the study of the gap through documents and interviews with educated or working women and professionals. The study concludes by stressing on the most important reasons of this disparity which could be: little transfer of skills when entering the labor market, weak professional identity among girls, as well as structural discrimination based on gender division of labor in society.