مجله تاریخ نگری و تاریخ نگاری
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 15 (بهار و تابستان 1394)

One of the issues which concerned in contemporary historical research is neglect of researchers in documental resources and reference. Qajar historical studies because of diversity of sources on the one hand, and changing from dominance of Literary-Historical approach toward interdisciplinary approaches in other side, have been followed to an abduction researchers in historical sources (including historical documents). The problem of this study is to show; what and which are uses of documents as texts and resources for applying in historical research and what methodology patterns can be interpreted for effective analysis in its content? . Method of research is based on historical analysis and practice of interdisciplinary studies for interpreting of documents.
The results of my paper show that, using of historical documents in terms of content identification and application of appropriate patterns can be perpetuated and created a document in historical studies and lead to documental historiography. Thus, It is possible that, historians as the subjects and agents of historical research return to needs analysis and originality of the text. This approach would be effective either in scientific doubt about the dates is known and, or lead to plan more accurately than statements of historical narrative.

Ibn al-Athir al-Kamil renowned historian and author book al-Kamil ,two decades since the end of his life were spent and contemporary with the Mongol invasion. He is perhaps the first reporter horrendous attack Mogul was at the same age. His report of the Mongol invasion of its own originality, combined with a topping of assessment and analysis that is fraught with pain database. However, Ibn al-Athir both as an important source closer, as well as for historians of the Ilkhanid and Mongol invasion could be, While historians Ilkhanid certain reluctance about him However, it plans to investigate reports by Ibn al-Athir first Mongol invasion of his evaluation of the position, for he's the historians Ilkhanid Historians do not like his.. And that in spite historians Ilkhanid near the Ibn al-Athir when he describes how to avoid this type of relationship is relatively complex Gzydnd.ba patriarch historians as well as their reluctance to Ibn al-Athir will be discussed. The purpose of this paper is to discuss it

One of the main objectives of the study of the causes of historical events and important historical studies. In the present article in the first place, the four kinds of causalities that are used for historical explanation, that is, necessary and insufficient condition, sufficient and unnecessary condition, necessary and sufficient condition, and unnecessary and insufficient condition, are explained.History-based researchers of social sciences mainly search for specific results in one or few cases. Attempts have been made in the preset study to show that such historical analyses normally rely on counterfactual analysis. In other words, it is argued that if one tries to conduct a causal study of the past or evaluate a historical explanation, there is no other option than relying on counterfactual analysis. In the next step, the relationship between causal analysis with historical chain explanations has been studied. These analyses refer to the sequence or interconnected causal factors and explain historical events through interconnected events that unfold in the process of time.

Taking distance from the history and questioning it, in other words, subject to subject knowledge, can be considered as the prominent feature of modern historians and find the source of this transformation in awareness of individuality and knowledge of the place of historicity of human beings. For the first time, in the Naseri era, a glimpse of this intellectual development transferred to Iran, following the translation movement, and acquainted the people with the philosophical and scientific works of scientists and philosophers of Europe. Development in thoughts and mental power among the Iranian elite and awareness of individuality, created the context of critical flow against the old traditional beliefs as well as criticism in the field of humanism, history and historiography. In this article, the evolution and position of “personal self” in modern historiography of Iran is studied using the descriptive-analytic method, and relying on memories of the Qajar era. Research on this issue by referring to 42 memories during the periods both before and after the constitutional revelation, shows the direct impact of “personal self” in the formation of Iranian modern history in the guise of memoires; also can be traced by expression of individuality in the collective consciousness and awareness of the place of historicity of human kind, with the happening of constitutional revolution and the need to register it.

With classification of sciences according to Muslim’s extent of thought and scope of knowledge in the early AH centuries the basis for the formation of encyclopedia writing knowledge was provided. Encyclopedias with different and sometimes the same aims and intentions define and explain a summary of known sciences of each era. Encyclopedias contents which are about a science or sciences can be a base to classify these works in two categories “general” or several sciences and “professional” or a science. In the meantime structure and content of Ajayebnameh claim them as the third kind of encyclopedias in which dominant form of wonders of sciences are the main feature of including sciences. Although the impact of the Greek attitude in the first classification of sciences and in encyclopedias led to ignoring history as a science but science of history was Muslims of the first important sciences and found his position among other sciences. So it was obvious that as the importance of history increased this science gained a new and more important position in classification for encyclopedia writers. This article tries to explain, question and give assumptions about the position of history and historiography in encyclopedias and to explain the relation between Ajayebnamehs with encyclopedias.

In April 10 occurred an important event in Iran that astonished Iranian’s government and court. Because Shah’s terror occurred by a loyal grads soldiers at same day. This news secreted for one day. But Iranian’s Medias announced and interoperated this event. This question discussed in Iranian’ Senate and national conical parliament. Some agents of national conical parliament condemned this terror and another’s speech about this event was very wonderful from Discourse analyze. Because some agents of national conical parliament spoke about Shah’s place and kingdom rank and praised them. They tolled the Shah and kingdom place are cause of Iran’ continuity, constancy and pride. This speech was the abstract of official discourse of Pahlavi’s state. This article attempted analyzed this discourse by discourse analyzing method. Because this question is very important in Iranian’s thought. This research tray to reveals the hidden ideology and social practice at this discourse and review relations between power and ideology.

The event of Seffin as a main challenge in the front of Imam Ali's state, has been a topic for historian and researchers. This event which has been counted as Fitna (civil war),has been reflected variousely in the Islamic historiography,especially in Iraqi and Syrian schools. The main question which the current article tries to find an answer to it, is: How the Seffin event( with its backgrounds and aftermaths)has been reflected in the Ibn Abi al-Hadid's Interpretation?
The findings of this study – which is upon the Ibn Abi al-Hadid's Interpretation and historical sources- show that Ibn Abi al_Hadid accuses Muawiya as an agent of crisis in the Iraq and Syria relations. He declares- on the idealogical stand-that Muawiya disobeyed the orders of his superior and he caused muslims to be killed .Thus he will be in the hell eternally as a Zindiq.Thus he will be in the hell eternally as a Zindiq.