نشریه پیام بهارستان
سال ششم شماره 23 (بهار و تابستان 1393)

Almahafel is the title of an unpublished book by master Allameh Jafar Soltanal Qarayaie that is familiar for researchers, scholars and literates. Although a number of its articles and materials have been used as sources in many researches and studies, yet many of them remained unpublished. In this article only some samples have been selected randomly for the review.

Literary prose of a part of Qajar era was influence by “literary return” style. That time, poets and writers reverted to the old poets and writers’ style and created salient works among which are Qa’em Maqam and Baday’ Negar. The style also influenced the religious texts and improved some of them. Many religious scholars have written and left behind some books in that style. One of the prominent books of the time that has been neglected is Matamkadeh by the learned scholar Mirza Mohammad Taghi Nouri Mazandarani (1201-1263 A.H) father of Mira Hussein Nouri the signet of hadith writers. Following a brief review of the literary prose of Qajar era, the present piece of writing points out characteristics of some samples of literary-religious prose of the era then introduces Matamkadek and its versions.

The precious book Al-towhid written by Mohammad bin Ali bin Hussein bin Moussa bin Babway-e Qomi known as Sheykh-e Sadouq (311-381 A.H) the great jurisprudence of Shi’a discuses monotheism and theology of Shi’a left by Ahlal-bayt ( household of Prophet Muhammad). Many translations and commentaries have been written on this book. One of the commentaries titled Tal’-e Nazid in Translation of Towhid is the single version kept at Consultative Assembly Library, access No. 5657. This book was translated by Mohammad Ali bin Mohammad Hassan Ardakani, a writer and translator in the 13th A.H. from Arabic into Farsi. This article attempts to introduce this translation.

There are two major trends in literary criticism, one is formalism (theorized by Viktor Shklovsky in his epistle Resurrection of the Word in Russia) and structuralism (emanating from the Swiss linguist, Ferdinand de Saussure’s theory that differentiated between language and speech). The researcher attempts to review Ivan-e Mada’en, one the most significant odes of Khaqani from the point of view of terms and expressions such as form, text, defamiliarization, and particularly literature debated by formalistic, structural criticism.

Molana Abdollah Hatefi Kharjerdi (9 A.H) was one of the most proficient emulators of Nezami that wrote his own Shirin and Khosrow emulating that ofNezami. Among other Shirin and Khosrows written after Nezami, Hatefi’s is much similar to that of his. Compared to other emulators of Nezami, Hatefi can be considered as an adept poet and his Khosrow and Shirin as one of the best in the Persian literature. Up to date, many researches and surveys have been done on Nezami’s Khosrow and Shirin and those of his emulators in terms of elements of fiction, but less attention has been paid to Hatefi’s Shirin and Khosrow. In this article in addition to surveying the narrative structure of the story and taking into consideration all of the events as well as comparing the two poets’ narratives, the researcher deals with the major and minor characters of the two literary works and the both poets’ characterization method.

Ismael Mirza known as the Second Shah Ismael (942-985 A.H) was son of Shah Tahmasb Safavi. As a youth he could parry the Ottoman army attack and prevent their progress. Following the conquest, as a result of the malevolent courtiers’ attempts he was jailed by Shah Tahmasb_ his father_ in Qahqahe Castle where he was captive for 21 years. He wrote a poem in jail and sent it to his father supposing that he could change father’s mind to set him free. The poem that has been edited in this research is known as Estekhlasieh. The manuscript utilized for editing the poem is being kept in Consultative Assembly Library, collection No 2959, entitled Arouz-e Arefi.

In Kurdish poetry, rhythm has been syllabic and only for some recent decades the Kurdish poets have used prosodic rhymes. In addition to rhyme, rhythm has its own particular characteristics in the Kurdish literature that should be analyzed. This article attempts to introduce the Kurdish literature then survey the rhyme and rhythm of the southern realm that have been written in Gourani, Kalhori, Laki, and the Kermanshahi dialect.

In the recent decades many materials have been written on history of women at Qajar era; however, none have dealt with private life of people, in particular, children. This piece of writing is translation of Childhood in Qajar Iran written by Dr. Shirin Mahdavi, faculty member of school of history, University of Utah, United States (published in Iranian Studies, No. 2, Vol. 47, Feb. 2014). The article deals with the status of Iranian children at Qajar era; how they were treated and nurtured, their entertainments, hobbies and education.

This article deals with political biography of Amir Najm Masoud Zargar Rashti, proxy of Shah Ismael and founder of the Safavid dynasty as well as his socio-political activities. Although according to the findings, during the first Shah Ismael rulership, Amir Najm was the first Tajik, non-Qezelbash proxy, he could well manage the military and civil affairs. His successes proceeded to the extent that the first Shah Ismael paid tribute to him after his death, chose his successor from among his relatives and promoted him to Amir Najm Sani position.

Local government of Houraman commenced its rulership in 393 A.H. Although emergence of Safavid, Afsharid, Zandi, and Qajar rulership in the east, Ottomans in the west and local dynasties such as Ardalans in Kurdistan, Babans in Soleymanieh and their relations with the Houraman Kingship resulted in changes in the region, according to historical resources and the remaining documents and pictures in the recent eras descendants of Houraman governors retained their power till the second Pahlavi era. They were the last local government that were abolished by the commencement of Reza Shah’s rulership. In this article, in addition to reviewing decrees of Houraman kinship, the book entitled Khandan-e Kurd Ardalan will be analyzed. Review of this book is significant as it is one of the last researches done on the Kurdistan region and Houraman kings in the Safavid era; then, according to historical data the article attempts to resolve some of the ambiguities brought about Houramans in the book.

Expedition of students to Europe at Qajar era was one of the vital issues that for some reasons attracted attention of statesmen. At the time, establishment of Dar-al Fonoun and Constitutional Revolution influenced quality of students dispatch. However, based on remaining reports some criticisms arose against the issue. This article firstly contemplates the issue of students dispatch at Qajar era then takes a look at some disagreements with such a trend, and attempts to analyze the reasons for the oppositions from a different point of view and based on two related documents.

In an autocratic system legislation and legal procedure is strict and somehow cruel. No one is entitled to complain; judges’ decrees are executed indisputably; sharia and common law are readily distinguishable. Meanwhile, there are other settings that deactivate those principles among which is bast that leads persecution and retribution of the criminal by authorities to deadlock. This article deals with the background and some instances of bast in Iran.

Constitutional Revolution marked the inception of the termination of a dictatorship; however, Mohammad Ali Shah’s resistance against constitutionalists and parliament representatives that ended up in cannonade of the parliament hindered the Constitutional movement. This article attempts to study socio-political status of the country at the time of Mohammad Ali Mirza’s attacks based on the proceedings of the second round of the parliament and research sources from a descriptive, analytical point of view. It also deals with dedication and self-devotion of the Bakhtiyari tribes commanded by Yiprem Khan; should they have not sacrificed themselves, the threat that endangered Constitutional regime could not be easily eliminated.

For many reasons, little attention has been paid to history of medicine in the Indian subcontinent and Iranian scientists’ rush to India at Safavid era as two important factors in expansion of Farsi language. Medical sciences were one of the major fields which Iranian immigrants pioneered in India. Honorable Iranian-born scientists like Alavi Khan Shirazi and Aqili Shirazi created great works in Farsi language that were unfortunately ignored in our country. Their identity as they were contemporaneous and had relative ties as well as common activities have not yet introduced properly. Meanwhile introducing both of them separately and briefly, this piece of writing attempts to give some insights on activities of the two great Iranian scientific figures residing in India.

One of the anonymous scholars and ascetics of Sadat Goushe in the 14th A.H was Seyyed Mohammad Ali Ja’fariyan Dezfouli. His life was neglected in the book Sadat-e Goushe Family written by Seyyed Mohammad Ali Emam Ahvazi. This research is a survey on the hierarchy of his parentage and the line ending to him as well as bibliography of his works remaining as handwritten sources. It is also an appendix on the book Sadat Goushe Family, the offspring of Seyyed Mohammadi Bozorg (1272-1357 A.H) –bin Seyyed Hussein Mojtahed (1331 A.H).

This article summarizes the late Abbass Massoudi’s notes, the founder and managing director of Ettela’t Newspaper, written during his four-day trip to Mashhad (Aug. 21- 24) and published the same year in nine parts, as Three Days in Mashhad, in Ettela’t Newspaper ( Sept. 2-18). The writer who has been a prominent and modern journalist of the time, attempted to reflect briefly his views on the route connecting Tehran to Mashhad, vehicles, life style, and social status of the cities on the way.

This piece of writing deals with a legal issue between governors of Qebchaq field and Iran during Mongols era, as well as Zarrin camp and Ilkhanids. Primarily, it elaborates on meaning of some important terms.

This research begins with a brief explanation of Najib-al Din Samarqandi’s life and works. The epistle Laxative Drugs and Their Properties is to be compared with four manuscripts then is to be edited and published for the first time.

Sho’aiyyeh school was one of the famous schools in Shiraz during Qajar era.It was established by Jafarqoli Saham-al Dole, the then governor of Fars in 1327 A.H in the former Toupkhane Square next to armory office. As the land formerly belonged to a school that was part of Sho’al-Saltaneh’s buildings in Shiraz, it was named after him. The catalogue of books in Sho’aiyyeh school library includes 403 ordinal numbers written in 28 single pages in nasta’liq script. Titles of the books are rather diverse from different fields; apparently containing few duplicates. Slightly more than one-fifth of them are manuscripts and the rest are prints. The explanatory text accompanying each book contains number, title, script, kind of the book (hand written or printed) and the place of publication; in some cases name of the writer or scriber, language ( Arabic, Farsi, or Hebrew) size, type and color of paper or cover and etc. are also mentioned.

This research deals with two subjects: newly found poems of Motahhar Shirazi (8 A.H) and some information about him based on manuscript collection No. 555, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of Tajikistan; as well as introducing Meftah-al Sa’dah by Shahab-al Din Neyrizi ( a scholar at the time of Shah Shoja’ Mozaffari) on customs of kinship and principles of lordship.

Organizing visual elements in artistic works in the West is traditionally done according to proportions defined as beautiful in that culture. The present article deals with conventional proportions and their application in the available marriage certificates being kept at Astan-e Qods-e Razavi collection. Such a research helps us to know a part of our predecessors’ history and visual culture. This research aims at recognizing visual structure and infrastructural proportions of the sample marriage certificates in the Astan-e Qods-e Razavi collection.