نشریه زمین شناسی محیط زیست
پیاپی 32 (پاییز 1394)

Water is one the most important resource used by human in the daily life. Iran due to locating in the arid and semi-arid area has a limited water resource. Quality and quantity of water is important in various consumption among drinking, agricultural, industry and sanitation, therefor studying its quality seems essential from a hydrogeochemical viewpoint. In this study data of 38 samples of Gonbad Kavoos and its surrounding has used. The obtained hydrochemical data using graphical diagrams (Piper, Wilcox and scholler diagram) and multivariate statistical analysis (Principal components analysis and clustering analysis) interpreted along the Arc GIS software. Based on Piper diagram most of samples fallen in section 5 (mixing zone) and section 3 (sulfate-chloride and sodium-potassium (saline)). From Wilcox viewpoint (assessment of water quality for agriculture) samples related with west part of Gonbad Kavoos showed the moderate and bad quality. Most of samples related with western part of Gonbad Kavoos from scholler diagram viewpoint (investigation of water quality for drinking) were with inappropriate and completely unpleasant. Clustering analysis led to extraction of two cluster, two first cluster mainly located in eastern part of Gonbad plain with better quality rather than cluster 3 and 4. Cluster 3 and 4 in western part of plain having the worst quality. With regarding observed problems especially in western part of plain, it is recommended a detailed study to improving the management of quality and quantity of water resources in the villages located west part of Gonbad Kavoos.

A conjuctive operation system integrates a surface water subsystem with a groundwater subsystem in an interactive loop in order to satisfy demand.This thesis presents a simulation-optimization model for design and operation of mentioned system.The model includes interacting components of surface and groundwater subsystems with the objective of minimizing total system costs. Nonliner programing isused for solving optimization problem.Lumped transfers are considered to simulate the transferring water quantities. These simulation-optimization scheme.Application of the model shows that release from the reservoir does not necessarily follow a storage rule curve as might be expected in a non conjuctive operation system.solution to the developed model, in addition to the design parameters,provides the operation for the defined conjuctive operation system.

The main purpose of the analysis and final evaluation of urban geology landfill in geographic information systems to identify and locate the major projects of urban landfill in the city of Bushehr, access to the necessary information and accurate they primarily based on studies with selection options grand designs of city landfill in the province introduced And another group has performed detailed studies on the specification of the preferred option in this study is considered expansion and rehabilitation of to wind, flood storage areas, making the area susceptible to earthquakes and low depth to groundwater from shallow wells due to proximity to the sea has a great impact. Classification erosion study area are inadequate landfill and erosion in the region is very high. The results showed current landfill Bushehr flood facies in the study area expansion is moderate. Gas permeability of 4-10 cm per second permeability is relatively good. Categorizing erosion in the study area are inadequate landfill and erosion in the region is very high. Quaternary deposits Heights area of ​​erosion formations and carry it by its flood flows. These deposits are widely distributed in the study area.

Vartoun’s hot springs (Imam Reza and Morad) are located in 12Km from Vartoun Village and about 70 Km from the east of Esfahan. Petrographic and field studies show that most of the base rocks of these hot springs are Eocene limestone with composition of carbonate (calcite or aragonite), iron oxide and hydroxide and clay minerals. According to the Wilcox diagram it is recognized that the water of these springs are saline and not appropriate for agricultural purposes. The result of Schoeller diagram indicating the amount of salt of the water in this region is higher than drinking water standard and according to Piper-tip diagram, the water in these three springs is sulfated and high saline type. The geochemical data show that the chemical compositions of the spring are not harmful for environment according to internal and international standards. The results of the research show that these waters are not suitable for industrial and irrigation purposes, but can be utilized for water treatment

Underground water resources in many regions of the world are the most important factor to create cities, and life in many areas depends on these waters. Also, in Islamshahr city, water supply of this area is ground water. Among 26 active wells in the rural part of city, by considering distribution of agricultural, residential and industrial areas, slope of the land (north west to south east), dispersion wells, having well’s information during 10 years and considering all Islamshar area, 14 wells were selected to study. The objective of this study is to evaluate the land use on the quality of water and study of process of changes on drinking water quality parameters in this area by using AqQa software, and GIS during 10 years (1385-1394). After study different elements and components of water and prepare their quality maps and determine the general trends of changes, it was known in the north west area, south west and south areas, most of chemical parameters of water have maximum concentration that in some cases these amounts are more than the limit set. Particularly for some elements like EC and TDS is more tangible. Finally, the study showed Geological structure, agricultural activities, Urban Development and population density are the most effective factors on the quality of ground water in Islamshahr city.

Destruction of area and changes in local ecosystem are viewed as the most important environmental impacts of mining operations in a region. Extents of disturbance area particularly waste dumps are also being increased as mining continues. Hence, environmental management and reclamation of mined lands play a major role in environmental protection in a specified mining region. With this respect, this paper describes optimum plant selection for reclamation process of mining in Chadormaloo mining complex as a case study. In all type of post mining land use such as Agriculture, Pasture, Forestry, Tourist attraction, Wild life creation, selection and planting the appropriate plant species is one the most essential requirements to successful implement the mine reclamation plan. The Research methodology is, Selecting of plant species that is on the basis of the primary factors that are: type of post mining land use, Climate, Nature­ of soil. Then priority is defined between the selected species, based on of the secondary factors by two Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) models that criteria are perspective of the region, resistance against disease and insects,­ strength and method of growth, availability of plant type, economic efficiency, protection of soil and storing water, prevention from pollution. These models are implemented by FUZZY AHP and FUZZY TOPSIS methods. The mentioned procedure was applied to Chadormaloo iron mine in Iran. Decision making was executed on the basis of oral judgments and experts’ opinions in the case study. Results showed that among candidate plants, Artemisia sieberi, Salsola yazdiana, Halophytes types, and Zygophyllum, respectively, are ranked and prioritized as optimum plants for reclamation process using two methods.

Lack of proper drinking water is a major problem in the Central and Eastern cities of the country. Therefore, the necessity of water transmission projects are posed and since meeting these needs using traditional methods are very difficult, time-consuming and costly; so the mechanized excavation of tunnels and segmental lining are used. The water transferred through the pipes has significant surface destruction. That would result in serious environmental problems. Also, transferring water through the pipes is more expensive than the tunnel. In this paper, after introducing all procedures of segments design, segmental lining of Golab water conveyance tunnel using finite element was modeled. Firstly, loads on segmental lining was determined by UDEC software after installation in tunnel. Then, these amounts of load on the segments used for modeling was applied in ABAQUS software. Results obtained by 3D modeling software showed that the greatest amount of displacement of segments under different stress conditions concerns to the bottom segment. Based on the performed modeling, due to the high compressive stress, the crack is only seen in segment concrete and these results are totally in compliance with Golab tunnel segments observations.