نشریه زمین شناسی محیط زیست
پیاپی 61 (زمستان 1401)

High concentrations of iodide and bromide in groundwater are rarely reported and there are few studies about groundwater with high concentrations of iodine. The key geological parameters that affect the concentration of chloride, bromide include the presence of salt in the basin, the age of the reservoir and the type of kerogen present in the rocks of the sedimentary basin. Iodine is highly concentrated in organic materials in marine environments, hence rocks rich in organic sources have high I/Cl and I/Br compared to seawater or evaporated seawater. Therefore, the increase in iodine concentration in deep underground water is attributed to the microbial decomposition of organic matter in anaerobic conditions. Based on this, the origin of water can be determined through I/Br and I/Cl ratios. In addition to oil potential, many oil fields in the world show anomalies of some rare elements such as iodine. Therefore, the measurement of halogens and the investigation of (I/Cl), (Br/Cl) and (I/Br) ratios were studied in this article in the eastern regions of the Caspian Sea. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, samples were taken from 7 regions, 3 regions are located in Golestan province (exploration and iodine extraction regions) and 4 regions are located in Turkmenistan. The obtained results show that It shows that although the geochemical composition and origin of the brines differ from each other and in terms of the intensity of some processes such as mixing with water sources with less salinity and the intensity of evaporation, the main source of iodine in  subsurface brines in the east and southeast Caspian Sea is the presence of substances Organic is rich in iodine in sedimentary formations. In Khair khajeh area, the amount of iodine and especially bromine is significantly lower than that of Inche area, which shows the mixing of the underground aquifers of this area with saline atmospheric waters and the lower amount of iodine and bromine. In other words, the amount of iodine and especially bromine in the fossil waters on the eastern shores of the Caspian decreases towards the east.

The principle of common but distinct responsibilities as a very subtle technique has helped governments to come together to ratify several international environmental conventions and thus enforce the rule of law and develop international environmental law. The global desire for international cooperation in the direction of environmental protection has been specified in many binding and non-binding documents of international environmental law, which can be considered as the beginning of principle 24 of the Stockholm Declaration of 1972. Equity in jurisdictions subject to English Common Law refers to a set of general rules that "governe all laws" and "all civil laws derive from it" and form the foundation of the Common Law legal system.
In this research, using the descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to examine the principle of joint responsibility of governments in international environmental laws and its relationship with the position of the rule of equity in Iranian law. The basic question is that the principle of joint responsibility of governments in What is the relationship between international environmental laws and the principle of fairness, the resulting result indicates that fairness is not affected by any government law" and is everything, even beyond the law. Fairness allows the courts to act as they see fit; and apply justice in accordance with natural law Sometimes in the interpretation of the law, sometimes in filling the void of the law, and sometimes instead of the law, it is one of the examples and reflection of "just principles" and it is considered part of the rights at the decision-making level, and referring to it does not require the consent of the parties to the dispute.