Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports
Volume:3 Issue: 1, Winter 2016

Spirulina is free-floating filamentous microalgae growing in alkaline water bodies. As early as over 400 years ago, Spirulina was eaten as food by the Mayas, Toltec’s and Kanembu in Mexico during the Aztec civilization. Spirulina is a well-known source of valuable food supplements, such as proteins, vitamins, amino acids,
minerals, fatty acids, etc. It is widely used in human and animal nutrition, as well as in the cosmetic industry. Both in vivo and in vitro trials have shown effective and promising results in the treatment of certain cancers and allergies, anemia, hepatotoxicity, viral infection, vascular diseases, radiation protection, and obesity. The antioxidant activities of Spirulina were demonstrated in a large number of preclinical studies. Antioxidants in preventing many human diseases. Findings of this study showed Spirulina can be used as a source of antioxidants.

Globally, increasing nitrate concentrations have become a significant environmental problem and a potential risk to public health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a limit of (10 (mg.L-1)) NO3- for human consumption and (100 mg.L-1)) NO3- for animals. Water above these limits requires denitrification. Nitrates causes cancer, blue-bay syndrome, hypertension and thyroid hypertrophy. Several treatment processes including ion exchange, biological denitrification, chemical denitrification, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and catalytic denitrification can remove nitrates from water with varying degrees of efficiency, cost, and ease of operation. Available technical data, experience, and economics indicate that chemical denitrification and biological denitrification are more acceptable for nitrate removal than other thechniques. this review article investigated the efficiency of denitrification of drinking water and ground water by various methods, specially biological denitrification and chemical denitrification by nano particles specially nano scale zero valent iron (nZVI) and emerging biodenitrification by nano scale zero valent iron. Also In this article, affecting factors on denitrification from drinking water evaluated.

Wheat Septoria leaf blotch disease caused by Mycosphaerella graminicola is one of the most important diseases of wheat in Iran and the world .Evaluation the reaction of wheat genotypes and on the other hand identifying pathogen virulence factors are necessary for a successful breeding program. The aim of this study was to assess the adult plant responses of Iranian bread and durum wheat genotypes developed by Iranian seed and plant improvement institute to Septoria tritici leaf blotch and study on virulence factors of this pathogen in harm and humid conditions in the south of Iran. The study was conducted in Khuzestan province of Iran in two years (2013-2014 and 2014-2015) and included 47 commercial verities and 26 differential lines whit a local pathogen isolate that was collected on a bread wheat variety. Taking notes was performed with a modified Saari and Prescott method in double-digit scale 00–99. From Commercial varieties only 5 varieties were resistant .Even the durum varieties like Behrang and Karkhe were susceptible. Results of differential set showed pathogen isolate of this region has virulence reaction for stb2,stb3,stb4,stb6,stb7, stb8,stb9,stb10, stb12,stb13,stb14 and stb18 genes and for stb1, stb5, stb11, stb15, stb16, stb17 genes is Avirulance.

Today hydrogels are considered as the materials that are able to play important role in drug delivery systems. To design an effective hydrogel applicable network,
mathematical modeling has a critical role. A successful drug delivery device relies not only on intelligent network design but also on accurate prior mathematical modeling of drug release profiles. In this study, the modeling of the inflation
behavior of temperature-sensitive hydrogel has been done by providing a
mathematical model according to the thermodynamics and kinetics of the
temperature-sensitive gel and also considering the heat transfer into the hydrogels during the inflation. The proposed model has been investigated numerically. The comparison between numerical and experimental results shows perfectly success in integrating equations of inflation thermodynamics and kinetics for modeling the inflation behavior of temperature-sensitive hydrogels that provide a new step in the modeling of such systems.

Graphene modified glassy carbon electrodes have been developed for the determination of calcium dobesilate in pharmaceutical formulations. The prepared graphene and CNTs were used as a conductive substrate for electrochemical study of calcium dobesilate. The direct electrochemistry of calcium dobesilate showed a reversible cyclic voltammogram with a formal potential of 133 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) for graphene modified electrodes in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. The linear concentration range of the sensor is 30-120 ngr for graphene modified electrode, respectively. The lifetime of biosensor is more than 2 weeks. The proposed modified electrode provides a new promising and alternative way to detect calcium dobesilate.

With increasing world populations, production of cost-effective and proper nourishment sources that can rapidly produce large amounts of nutritional value are needed. Microalgae are publicly used as nutrient supplement. In this research a screening of endemic potent microalgae was carried out. Chlorella, Scenedesmus and Spirulina sp. were isolated and purified and cultivated in liquid proper medium. Regarding to this, amino acid and fatty acid profiles, biochemical characters, antioxidant and antimicrobial and anticancer properties of experimented microalgae were evaluated by HPLC, GC, spectrophotometry, DPPH, MIC and MTT Assay respectively. The results showed highest content of total protein in Spirulina sp.1 (46.08 ppm) and total carbohydrates in Chlorella sp. (48.01 ppm). Antioxidant content was detected in mentioned microalgae. Cytotoxic effect of aqueousextract on L929 cells showed 10 mg/mL had highest effect on these cells. According to the results, Chlorella spp. and Spirulina spp.1 are better candidates for food supplement.

Primary dysmenorrhea is a prevalent problem and its effects decrease the quality of life in many women across the world. Due to the side-effects of synthetic drugs, there is an increasing trend toward herbal medicine. The aim of this study was to research the effect of Teucrium Polium compared to placebo on the pain duration of Dysmenorrhea.
This triple-blind, randomized, clinical trial study was performed on 70 single female students between 20 and 30 years old educating in Shahid Beheshti University (Tehran, Iran) from October 2014 to February2014 .They were allocated randomly into two groups: In Teucrium Polium group (n =35) who took 250 mg of Teucrium Polium powder q6h for the first 3 days of menstruation for two cycles. The second group (pelacebo) (n=35) received 250 mg starch powder. The pain duration of Dysmenorrhea was determined by visual analog scale (VAS) and questionnaire related to the pain duration.
There were no differences between two groups for demographic or descriptive variables. Comprising the pain duration showed that the participants in Teucrium Polium groups had lower significant pain in the 1st and the 2nd months after the treatment (P Teucrium Polium can be effective in decreasing the pain duration in primary dysmenorrhea.