نشریه توسعه پایدار جنگل
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1393)

Providing socio-economic needs is one of the goals of agroforestry systems. The purpose of this research was to investigate of agroforestry as a method for socio-economic development of some villages of eastern Guilan’s that traditionally performed the agroforestry systems. In order to collect the data, Narenj Bon Paeen village located in Langaroud city was selected and questionnaire survey and interviews with farmers (all residents in the village) was applied. In this village tea plantation is the main activity which is accompanied with other agricultural products (e.g. citrus plantation, poplar plantation and paddy). In order to compare the results, descriptive statistics were used. The ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference between the profit derived from different systems. Also results showed that there was a significant and direct relationship among profit variable with literacy level and age of farmers. The results of IRR showed that poplar plantation had more IRR than the other land uses (citrus plantation, poplar plantation and paddy). Also the results showed that agroforestry systems may provide employment. Therefore, agroforestry systems provide economic improvements in addition to social developments.

This study the woody species diversity in Shariati Park of Khorramabad township was evaluated. A number of 30 sample plots were sampled of park using systematic random sampling technique and in each sample plot characteristics of plant species, number of species, diameter at breast height of all trees, height of all trees and shrubs as well as large and small diameters of crown were measured. Simpson's evenness index as well as Simpson, Shannon-Weiner Hill, and Brillouin diversity indices were used to assess woody diversity in this park. The results show that Shariati Park had the average Shannon (0.886), Simpson (0.469), Hill (1.729) and Brillouin (0.591) also this park has the average Simpson evenness index (0.746) and the average species richness (2.36). In order to explain the structural parameters of height, diameter distribution curves, mean of diameter, height of Shariati Park were 21.74 cm and 10.14 m, and mean basal area equal to 403.352 cm2 obtained. Based on these results, the diversity and species richness are fewness in urban Shariati Park.

Lorestan forests are not considered for timber products, but they can play undeniable role in stability of ecosystems and livelihoods of inhabitants, soil and water resources protection, wildlife sanctuary, and various byproducts of these areas. Valuable tree species of wild pistachio is grown and has been used by residents in these areas. Wild pistachio is a deciduous plant; producing wood products and the resources of byproducts like turpentine. Based on the importance and economical value of turpentine, by codifying an accurate method, the exploitation and production of this product will be guaranteed. Since this will be considered as a sustainable income, it can provide an appropriate conservation of forest as production source. Accordingly, this research aims to investigate the exploitation method of turpentine in the forests of Khoramabad township and its role at employment in the section of natural resources. The results showed that the total amount of turpentine was estimated to be 13610 kg, and the total income was equal to 3691712500 Rials. Therefore, using the capability of forest areas and introducing the potential of forest for byproducts can be an invaluable help in providing the motivation for conservation and development of Zagros forests and on the other hand continuing the economic and social life of the inhabitants.

The aim of this study was to determine the major wood import and export countries in Iran during 30 years and to determine the relation between wood import and export with some major macroeconomics variables such as population, gross domestic product, world oil price and the amount of domestic wood production. Regression analysis was used in order to study the relation between import and export with mentioned macroeconomics variables. Results show that Iran most wood exported countries based on wood weight were Iraq, Armenia and Kuwait during the study period, respectively. The most wood imported countries to Iran based on wood weight were Russia, Austria and Finland. Results showed that population and gross domestic products had direct relation to wood import at all countries. Regression analysis showed that there is only a significant relation between wood export to Armenia and domestic wood product.

Zagros forests are not economically important as a source of industrial wood. However, at the local level, non-timber forest products play an important role in supporting rural livelihoods. This study was conducted to examine the financial importance of the different types of livelihood strategies; and investigate non-timber forest products (NTFPs) role in household economy of rural people and forest dwellers. The study was carried in Namehshir district of Kurdistan province, northern Zagros forests, Iran. The results showed that the average annual net income in the sample population was 189,600,000 Rials. Net income from NTFPs that made up 12.3% of the total household net income, contributed the third most important income sources after income from the cross-border trade between Iraq and Iran with 42.5% and government transfer payments with 17.1%. However, NTFPs income was higher than other income sources such as agriculture, horticulture and livestock and has the largest share in subsistence income. Moreover, the study revealed that among all types of NTFPs, livestock grazing in the forest provides the highest income. Oak Manna, tree fodder and oak seed were the next most important sources of NTFPs income for households, respectively. From findings of this research, establishing the participatory forest management and organizing the traditional operations are recommended to ensure sustainability of the forests and the livelihoods of forest dwellers.

According to daily increasing request of people for promenades and amusement centers, social and economic analysis and full review of people requirements is a key factor in providing required facilities. Zonal travel cost method was used in this study for economic valuation of Lavij forest. This method is based on map, overview, socio-economical characteristics of visitors of promenade and also increasing in cost and distant from region. Obtained data from completed questionnaire by visitors, statistical calculations regarding to distribution of visitors and estimating travel costs showed that Lavij forest has high promenade-economic value. Monetary value depends on beter natural location and beautiful sights around it. Results showed that the daily recreational value of Lavij forest is 330597530 Iranian Rials. Results provided some valuable information to graduate promenade level of Lavij forest.

Prediction of roadway is one of the main effective factors on fill and cut slope volume, cost and disturbance in forest road constructions. The objective of this study was to develop models for prediction of forest roadway using artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR). For this purpose, 192 cross profiles were measured on the Soordar-Vatashan forest roads. Within each sample, hillside gradient, slope direction, rock share ratio and texture of soil were recorded as the inputs and roadway was recorded as the output. The models were developed by artificial neural network with back propagation learning algorithm, multiple linear regression with stepwise analyses, correlation analyses and independent One-Way ANOVA using MATLAB 7.6.0, R and SPSS 19 software. According to coefficient of determination (R2), multiple correlation coefficient (r) and root mean square error (RMSE) and percent error, the ANN was more successful than regression model in prediction of roadway. (p