Journal of Research and Health
Volume:6 Issue: 5, Nov-Dec 2016

The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among students is noticeable. Different studies have reported the prevalence rate above 40%. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among middle school students in Sanandaj, Iran, and discovering the causes of the pain among them. The study was performed on boy and girl students in secondary schools. 735 students in age range of 12 to 15 years was selected and some information about their school bags, chair type, and the number of hours watching TV or working on computer was obtained using a questionnaire. Weight, height, and BMI of students were measured. Body mapping revealed that musculoskeletal pain is appeared in the neck, shoulders, hands and wrists, back, elbows, back, hips, knees, and feet and ankles. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among schoolchildren was found to be 67%. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain had a significant relationship with sex, type of school bag, the number of hours watching TV and working on computer. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain had no significant correlation with chair type used at school. The study showed that musculoskeletal pain is highly prevalent among the students. We need to teach the students to improve ergonomics and preventive behaviors in order to modify unsuitable conditions for students and teachers at school in taking steps. Risk factors for musculoskeletal pain in children are sex, type of school bags, and time spent watching TV and working on computer .

Prevalence of high-risk behaviors has become one of the most important concerns in nowadays society. Aim of this study is was investigation of assay high-risk behaviors and their relations with demographic characteristics in adolescents. This study was performed on 400 of high school adolescents that were selected by randomized classify method. Data were collected by using of questionnaire including individual-social characteristics questionnaire and high-risk behaviors scale in assault and battery, tobacco, high-risk physical and sexual relations, lack of exercise and law breaking domains and then were analyzed. Prevalence of high-risk behaviors was 28.7% in boys and 22.5% in girls. Significant difference was founded between general high-risk behaviors and tobacco; sexual high-risk behaviors and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) behaviors, AIDS and law breaking domains in girls and boys also significant relationship was found between high-risk behaviors and some individual, family and social factors. Findings of this study could empowerment health systems in accurate planning for screening and counseling of high-risk behaviors.

Nurses are of the most important staff in health systems. Nurse's job satisfaction is an important issue in the nursing management. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of critical thinking training on the nurses of psychiatric wards’ job satisfaction. In this study, 54 participants were divided into two groups by random allocation. Brayfield & rothe job satisfaction questionnaire was used as the scale for data collection in three stages; before intervention, 1 month, and 2 month after the intervention. This intervention included two 6 hours sessions of critical thinking training, which were carried out with an interval of one week. The results of this study reveal that the mean score of the job satisfaction in the experimental group in pre-intervention stage (62.5±7.6) has been increased to 66.8±6.4 one month after intervention, and to 69. 5±6.9 in the third stage (two month after the intervention), which is significantly more than the control group. The job satisfaction of the control group decreased admirably one month and two month after the intervention stage. It can be concluded that critical thinking training is an effective method to increase the job satisfaction, it is suggested that the managers consider it to increase the nurses’ job stress.

Situation awareness is an important factor in the incidence of industrial accidents. Improving situation awareness may help to prevent occupational accidents. Determination of factors influencing the situation awareness will help to plan and implement the measures for improving working conditions and making a safer workplace. In this study, was examined the role of work overload and sleepiness in predicting work situation awareness among workers. It was a cross-sectional study. The sample consisting of 180 employees at a petrochemical industry was selected according to the random stratified sampling method. They were asked to respond to questionnaires including work situation awareness of Sneddon, Mearns & Flin, work overload of Beehr, Walsh & Taber, and Epworth sleepiness scale. The results showed that there was an internal correlation among work overload, sleepiness, and work situation awareness. Also, the results of stepwise regression analysis revealed that work overload and sleepiness significantly predicted, respectively, almost 10% and 24% of variances of work situation awareness among the workers. Thus, for improving workplace safety, interventional measures can focus on enhancing situation awareness via workload and sleepiness reduction.

Couple therapy is among the therapeutic methods used for solving couples’ marital problems. Brief self-regulation couple therapy is one of the many different methods used for couple therapy. This study was conducted to determine the effect of training brief self-regulation couple therapy on couples’ marital satisfaction. The research method was two-group quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest on a statistical population of incompatible couples presenting to a psychological consultation center. Among the mentioned statistical population, 40 couples (80 participant) were selected using convenience sampling method and categorized into experimental and control groups (20 couples each) using simple random method. Training brief couple therapy was presented to the couples of experimental group in eight sessions. Measurement instrument was the short-form marital satisfaction questionnaire. Results showed that training brief self-regulation couple therapy was effective in the components of marital satisfaction (general marital satisfaction, personality issues, marital relations, conflict resolution, financial management, leisure, sexual relations, children and parenting, relatives and friends, and religious orientation) among the incompatible couples. Results of the present work supported the effect of training brief self-regulation couple therapy for strengthening marital satisfaction among incompatible couples.

Because of the nature of sexual violence, using medical services by female victims is different from use of these services in other circumstance. Thus, this qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis to understand particular experiences of female victims of sexual violence of receiving medical services. In-depth non-structured interviews were performed with 10 purposefully selected female victims of sexual violence attending public and private health centers in Ahvaz and Tehran, Iran. Data extracted from interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis based on Graneheim-Lundman technique and three themes emerged: "discontinuation of treatment", "social sensitivity and stigma of loss of hymen", and "conflict between expectations and services received". These themes reflect victims’ concern about people’s treatment and fear of social stigmatization, which leads to concealing incident of sexual violence and failure to receive medical services, and encourages victims to think about illegal ways to resolve the issue of social stigma following sexual violence. These results indicate "social constraints and damage following stigma". Thus, it seems necessary to design educational programs to create changes in social attitude and eliminate judgmental behaviors of medical team toward victims of sexual violence, so as to facilitate victim's access to medical services.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women that can causes many psychological problems in patients. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of spiritual cognitive-emotional group therapy in the reduction of psychological problems in female patients suffering breast cancer. In this quasi-experimental study, the pretest-posttest design was used. From the hospitals, 18 female participants diagnosed with breast cancer were selected according to their availability and then, randomly distributed into two groups of experiment and control. The therapy program included the participation of the experimental group in 10 sessions of spiritual cognitive emotional group therapy. Each session lasted 90 minutes. Beck depression inventory, beck anxiety inventory, and identity crisis questionnaire were used for collecting data. The ANCOVA results demonstrated that the spiritual cognitive emotional group therapy was effective in reducing anxiety, depression, absurdity, despair, life dissatisfaction, sadness, and increasing self-esteem in women with breast cancer. Therefore, according to these findings we can conclude that spiritual cognitive emotional group therapy was effective in reducing the psychological problems of patients suffering cancer.

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in the world. Self-management had a significant effect on seizure control and quality of life. This study was conducted to compare of the effect of educational intervention based on adult learning theory with and without telephone fallow up by nurse (Telenursing) on self-management in adult with epilepsy. This study is a randomised controlled trial that done on 120 epileptic patients. Data collection tool was epilepsy self-management scale. Participants who met the inclusion criteria, were randomly assigned to the 3 groups: 1) Those in the education group without telephone follow up received a four-session education based on adult learning theory, 2) Those in the education with telephone follow up group received four session education based on adult learning theory plus 6 sessions telephone follow up by nurse and 3) Those in control group received no intervention. Then all participants had assessed with the same scale. Before intervention there were no significant differences between three groups in demographic data and self-management score. Comparison of three groups after intervention showed that the mean score of self-management scale in first and second group was increased significantly. The results of this study indicate that the educational program based on adult learning theory and telephone fallow up had beneficial effects on selfmanagement behaviors in epileptic patients.

Today, work-family issues have gained special importance to employees, families, and organizations. Work–family conflict is an inter–role conflict in which work and family demands are mutually incompatible and creates stress and numerous problems. So, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of work–family conflict management model in life satisfaction of male employees. The statistical population included all male employees of the bank in Tehran. In this study 30 male employees were selected and randomly divided into the experimental group (n=15) and control group (n=15). The experimental group underwent six–sessions of work–family conflict management program and the control group did not receive any intervention. It is noteworthy that after two months from pretest applying, participants from both groups underwent the pretest. The results showed a significance difference in life satisfaction between the experimental and control groups after the intervention. So, the results of this study could be explained by the fact that work-life conflict management practices are skills that are designed to reduce work-life conflict and enable employees to be more effective in their roles of work and life. Also, program practices enhance employees’ autonomy and increase their capacity to perform well in work–family situation.

Health literacy is a significant element in the ability of a woman to engage in health promotion and preventive activities both for herself and her children. This study aimed to evaluate health literacy and the rate of unintended pregnancies, as well as the relationship between health literacy and unintended pregnancies among rural Iranian married women. This study was conducted on 240 rural married women aged 18 to 45 years. To collect data, the Persian version of the test of functional health literacy in adults and a checklist of demographic characteristics and unintended pregnancy were used. Approximately, 62% of the women studied had low literacy level (marginal and inadequate) and the rate of unintended pregnancies was 35%. A significant correlation was observed between health literacy level and education level, age, number of children, and unintended pregnancy. Then, the level of health literacy was low among rural married women and this factor was associated with their unintended pregnancies.