نشریه مطالعات کارآفرینی و توسعه پایدار کشاورزی
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 11، پاییز 1395)

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate entrepreneurial talent among rural youths in Gilan-e-Gharb County. The study's population included 1453 rural youths. A number of 160 rural youth were randomly selected as research sample by using Morgan's sampling size table. A standard questionnaire with Likert scale (five levels) was used. The reliability of the questionnaire estimated with Cranach's Alpha coefficient that was 0.9. In order to analyze data, t-test (rural male and female) was used in SPSS software. The results showed that the entrepreneurial talent of rural youth was too weak in most indexes like internal locus of control, intellectual clearness, motivation, risk taking and activism but the rate of challenging was higher than the benchmark. In addition to it was found that there were significant differences in activism between rural boys and girls.

By development of science and technology in recent years a variety of robots have been made to perform various operations in agriculture. Animal husbandry industry is no exception from this rule, and some robots and automatic equipments are going to be used in this sector. New technologies are favorable issues for development of entrepreneurship in every section including animal husbandary. Automatic milking machines, feeding and barn cleaning equipments, and automatic systems for animal care- that can be named as animal husbandry robots- have been produced and are entered to animal husbandries in developed countries. These automatic machines will be used in Iran animal husbandries soon. So, knowing the animal farms automatic machines is essencial for entrepreneurship development in the field of new technologies in animal husbandry section. In this paper, the robots that can be used in animal husbandries have been classified in four groups, including milking, feeding, barn cleaning and animal care robots. Also, components and working method of them have been described. The aim is, while helping the researchers to be familiar with this new field of robots application, to open new ways for R&D and entrepreneurship in this field and result to production and using robots in the animal husbandry section of Iran.

One of the major areas of women's participation in rural society is to create small businesses and initiate to enter entrepreneurship or self-employment. Rural entrepreneurship as a basic approach can both contribute to development and progress of the rural. Already regard to the challenges in our rural such as unemployment, low productivity rate, improper migrations and high rate of poverty seems to be paying development funds, including microcredit way that can by increasing the entrepreneurial capabilities among rural people has led to the development of these regions. The aims of micro-credit system at to accelerate the process of investment and strengthening financial and savings in rural areas and eventually empowerment of rural women. Also, putting capital in the hands of women for commissioning income-generating activities and have been effective in social and economic empowerment and improve their quality of life. Therefore, this paper is done by a library research in addition has an emphasis both on the role of microcredit in the development of small businesses and womens entrepreneurship in rural communities.

The development of tourism industry in general and entrepreneurship tourism calls for identifying the constraints in this industry. Policymakers in tourism industry in Marvdasht Township need to be aware of constraints inhibiting the development of tourism industry as well as tourism entrepreneurship. This study sought to investigate constraints in developing and expanding tourism and tourism entrepreneurship in Marvdasht Township. Using qualitative paradigm, purposeful and network sampling was used to collect data from experts in entrepreneurship and tourism. Theoretical sampling was reached after seven interviews with experts. Content analysis was used to analyze deep individual interviews using NviVo8 Software. Results revealed that major constraints inhibiting tourism entrepreneurship development include: political, infrastructural, advertising, cultural, natural and educational. Result of this study has implications for policymakers in tourisms entrepreneurship and private investors.

The aim of this paper was to study entrepreneurial organization's concept and dimensions. Change is one of the main features of the contemporary world and managers in order to achieve organizational goals are forced to pay attention to this issue. If we want to achieved to organizational goals (Including the survival and profitability), we need to deal with dynamics and change to do a good reaction. The entrepreneurial organization is one of the new organization faces that have been proposed in recent years. In this paper, key concepts of entrepreneur organization, the benefits and importance of this type of organization and its critical success factors are examined. Necessary procedures and actions for design and implementation of the entrepreneurial organization are characterized. Entrepreneurial organization's future challenges will be discussed. Entrepreneurial organization (with innovation and effective use of resources) uses opportunities for achieving to organizational goals.

Despite the novel of issues related to ethics and entrepreneurship, but there are considerable researches that explain the relationship betweens ethics and entrepreneurship. Identifying the prior theoretical and empirical literatures can provide appropriate vision to understand interaction between ethic and entrepreneurship. Moreover by increase in interest in entrepreneurship general issues ethics of business and entrepreneurship have been investigated from different orientation. Entrepreneurship ethic contents, ethic values, determinants of ethical behavior among entrepreneurs, the ethical context of entrepreneurship and such these have been studied over the recent years. These are important issues that currents study wants to investigate by using descriptive research based on analyzing documents related to entrepreneurship and business ethic as well as prior empirical research regarding components of entrepreneurial ethic. Generally finding revealed that business ethics are a sensitive subject in international entrepreneurship because moral values differ widely among people and nations. What is considered moral in one community may be considered completely immoral elsewhere. It is also possible for individuals from different backgrounds to have the same moral values, but to behave differently when faced with a common situation.

This research was done with aim of identifying and analyzing barriers of academic entrepreneurship at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan. A researcher-made questionnaire, as a research tool, was used for collecting data. Using Krejcie and Morgan Table, 92 faculty members of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan were selected and studied through random sampling through appropriate assignment. Conceptual categorizing of the four dimension of academic entrepreneurship barriers has been led to the extraction of the following 12 principal conceptual components: non-entrepreneurship professional approach, lack of entrepreneurship integration for university’s management strategy and poor training and information about entrepreneurship (entrepreneurship support component), investment and funding restrictions for entrepreneurship activities, improper support of faculty members’ entrepreneurship and limited capacity (business launch support component), poor procedures and processes, limited capacity of business in the region and lack of resources and infrastructures (business development support component), insufficient understanding of academic entrepreneurship, insufficiency of propagation and developing culture for academic entrepreneurship and motivational obstacles of academic entrepreneurship (entrepreneurship culture component). Based on the identified obstacles, some strategies have been suggested for improving academic entrepreneurship at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan.