مجله طب سنتی اسلام و ایران
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 27، پاییز 1395)

Background and There have been a lot of controversies about the scientificity of propositions and concepts of traditional medicine between critics and proponents of this field. The basic problem of these controversies is that it is not determined first what science itself is before deciding whether traditional medicine is science or not. It can be said that the first and most popular criterion for scientificity is which inductivists have offered which is the basis of scientist's work according to which being based on experimental observation and induction is the criterion for scientificity of a field of knowledge.
Methods and Materials: The research is library- based; at first it will introduce exactly the inductivist's criterion based on the most popular books on philosophy of science and then show that the foundation of the most characteristic men in traditional medicine is experiment and induction and so this field is science from inductivist's point of view.
Traditional medicine is science in its modern term based on inductivist's criterion.

Background and It is reported that type of temperament is associated with fat mass. On the other hand reviews conducted showed that with increasing age temperament especially women cold tends to find. Transition to menopause and lowering sex hormone as well as the reduction of physical activity leads to changes in women's body fat values. So the aim of this study was to investigate the role of temperament on the changes in fat mass and body fat percentage of postmenopausal women after 8 weeks of resistance training.
Methods and Materials: The study was also conducted in groups. After the recall of 18 postmenopausal women, for selected targeted and after determining the type of temperament. Temperament movements by questionnaire the two groups with cold and dry temperament (n=9) And cold and wet (n=9) a week for 8 weeks and 2 days with an intensity of 20-30% 1RM practiced. body composition values with In body device before and after the training were evaluated in the fasting state. to analyze the data within each group and between groups was statistically significant. significance level tests P≤0 / 05 was considered.
After 8 weeks of resistance training all in subjects with cold and dry temperament and temperament cold and wet observed a significant decrease in fat mass (P≤0/05); and percentage fat was significant in an cold group and wet (P≤0/05). between changes in fat mass and body fat percentage after eight weeks, there was no difference between the two groups temperaments(P The type of temperament to changes in fat mass and body fat percentage is effective.

Background and Due to prevalence and rasing trend of female infertility and the importance of etiology studies, especially the effect of inter vention on its status, there are some question in Iranian medicine: what are infertility reasons? What are Traditional medicine advices for fighting against (coping with) etiology, espesialy with the help of food and nutrition field? This research was done to answer these questions.
Methods and Materials: This research was done by libraries procedure so with referring to Iranian medicine books and authentic books about infertility reasons and the food (trophic) advices for coping with that, it was studied and reported, and also, these questions were studied in new medicine.
Because the new medicine didn’t have success about infertility reasons and also due to the side effects and the success rate of new medicine .It is essential to use Iranian medicine advices to be used to determine infertility reasons and solve its problems.

Background and Use of Traditional Medicine is becoming progressively more popular worldwide. Vomiting is one of the useful way for taking waste substance out the body, which is known in Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM). The aim of this study was assessment of vomiting and its usage from the perspective of TIM.
Methods and Materials: A literature search compiled some main traditional manuscripts of Persian medicine and definition of vomiting and similar words, as well as preventive methods of vomiting were searched. Finally gathered data were classified and reported.
The results of this study demonstrated that the mechanism of conventional medicine for taking out waste substance and toxicity of drugs from body are different from the mechanism of vomiting; also, vomiting act faster than conventional medicine for removing waste substance from the body. Therefore, identification of vomiting and it’s mechanism, as a useful method, is necessary.

Background and In industrialized countries using complementary and alternative medicine is progressing, especially among women who may continue it even during pregnancy. A mother’s nutrition before and during pregnancy can affect fetus maturation and his or her health from infancy to adulthood. In this article we are trying to collect prenatal care information from Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) books and references.
Methods and Materials: The present investigation is an overview study that has been codified by library search in ITM references. This survey was accomplished from reviewing the ITM literature, extrapolating data with a focus on prenatal care methods in current medicine.
Prenatal care is divided into two main groups: general and specific. Recommendations consist of: six essential principles (air, food and drink, exercise and rest, sleep and wakefulness, mental state, retention of essential materials and depletion of wastes from the body), drug therapy, manipulation and physical therapy. These proposals are specially recommended during the initial fertilization period. Specific recommendations cover symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, pica, anorexia, palpitation, panic attacks, genitalia itching, vaginal bleeding, and feeling pain in abdomen, back or extremities and edema in limbs. Each symptom has its own specific treatment.
Along with modern medicine recommendations, it is hoped, that with ITM experiments more healthy pregnancy can be achieved for mothers and their babies.

Background and Written by Seyed Ismail Jorjani in the early sixth century AH, the Decuple book of Zakhireh Kharazmshahi is one the most important and comprehensive medical books in Persian language. The most outstanding features of this book include the scientific value of the book in the field of medical science, the plurality of Persian medical terminology and the extent of medical data. The identification and resolution of medical terminology of the decuple book of Zakhireh Kharazmshahi not only indicates Jorjani’s extensive medical knowledge but also with the ability of separating the words it introduces the knowledge of medical structure in Jorjani’s era. Therefore, Zakhireh Kharazmshahi can be used as one of the main resources of medical terminology collections.
Methods and Materials: Understanding the structure of medical knowledge in Jorjani’s thought is the most significant question in this research. In this paper, the manuscript of the decuple book of Zakhireh Kharazmshahi was studied in order to analyze Jorjani’s medical knowledge, identify specific medical terminology terms and determine the semantic level to separate these words based on the quantitative and structural analysis.
Results and Information provided in Zakhireh Kharazmshahi are identified in total of four series including anatomy, diseases, medications, the signs and symptoms of diseases and clinical managements. The subsets of each of these categories has been identified. The results of this study can help us to define the scope of the development of medical knowledge in Islamic era and to achieve deep knowledge in this area. This also helps us to codify the structure of medical knowledge in Islamic civilization and understand Jorjani’s knowledge in the fields of anatomy, pathology, and medicine.

Background and Aluminium phosphide is highly toxic and causes systemic poisoning. Acute aluminium phosphide poisoning (AAlPP) case mortality rate is very high. Different studies show different cases fatality ratio of 50% to 100%. Yet, there is no antidote available for AAlPP and case management remains supportive only. In Iranian traditional medicine, there are different prescriptions for different type of poisoning and also are mentioned healing properties for a variety of herbs and nutrients. In this study, a new treatment based on the knowledge of Iranian traditional medicine was offered and this paper is a case series report of 15 successful treatment of acute aluminum phosphide poisoning using traditional medicine knowledge and this treatment regimen.
Methods and Materials: Case series study was done on fifteen cases of acute aluminium phosphide poisoning were referred for traditional medicine remedy during the years 2012 to 2014. The treatment regimen was based on removing poison from body by bloodletting and preventing and reducing cellular damage by poison via a series of mineral and herbs according to patient Mizaj. Treatment efficacy was evaluated based on clinical and laboratory findings.
15 cases,8 males and 7 females, in the age range of 18 to 48 years were investigated, the cause of taking Aluminium phosphide in all of them was suicide. All patients were recovered (100% recovery rate) and discharged after 24 -48 hours of treatment; and all of them are living a normal life now.
It seems Iranian traditional medicine treatments has positive outcome for treatment the acute aluminium phosphide poisoning.

Background and The Primitive man Used different methods in order to survive and avoid pests and diseases and disasters. One of these methods is the use of precious stones in addition to therapeutic properties have ornamental value and in this article was conducted to investigate and introduce some of these stones the health benefits of medical texts and ancient literature in Iran.
Methods and Materials: The study is library study in this regard, studied a number of texts of traditional medicine and the ancient literary texts especially poets of Persian literature about 10gemstone and the characteristics belong to each stone was classified and the views of different authors were compared.
It seems that some of these stones have therapeutic properties or at least useful in terms of psychological, so recommended experimental study them.

Background and Depression is a mental disorder that has so far been considered as the second cause of disability. Naturally, it was studied in Persian medicine. In this study, the causes and types of melancholia in Traditional Persian medicine with new psychiatric depression were compared.
Methods and Materials: This study is a research library that was extracted, analyzed and reported comments of Iranian physicians about the causes and types of melancholia.
is divided into three general types: cerebral melancholia, mālenkholia-l-marāqqī and systemic melancholia. Many of the signs of cerebral melancholia are similar to that of depression in conventional psychiatry. In Persian Medicine sources, it is believed that an abnormally high level of black bile in the brain is the cause of melancholia.
According to Ibn Sina, the cause of melancholia in the three organs of the brain, heart and blood must be searched. Thus in the treatment of this disease should also be considered to treat heart diseases and blood disorders. It seems appropriate that this theory be used by researchers for clinical researches.

Background and Skin color and its changes which can be as a sign of many skin disorders may be as a significant assessment for dermatologic studies. This may be influenced by internal and external factors‚ of course the internal factors are not mentioned enough. These conditions and their treatment considering the basic etiology have been consulted by traditional Persian medicine philosophers.
Methods and Materials: This article is a product of a library study in the main references of Traditional Persian Medicine texts and related articles using related key words about the etiology of skin discoloration and the ways for its treatment.
The etiology of skin discoloration and its therapeutic methods have been discussed very well by Traditional Persian Medicine philosophers‚ whereas the common medicine approach is mostly bowed to topical agents‚ which have only temporary effects and also may make it worse. So recognition this perspective in Traditional Persian Medicine can help us to consider a most effective treatment for this problem.

Background and Despite improvements in medical sciences, many people use traditional or complimentary medicine. One of traditional methods is bloodletting. The aim of this study was to provide scientific evidence about motivation and satisfaction rate for bloodletting.
Methods and Materials: This cross sectional study carried out on 272 patients referred to phlebotomy centers in Yazd city by convenience sampling method. Motivation and satisfaction of participants was assessed by a Self-administered questionnaire. Satisfaction rate was measured by a Likert scale: very satisfied, satisfied, no idea, dissatisfied and very dissatisfied. Motivations were categorized as prior knowledge of the impact of cupping, friend's recommendation, religious belief and doctor recommendation. Data was analyzed by chi-square test.
The mean age of participants was 34.2±14.7 years. 67.3% of participants were male, 65.4% were married and 61.5% had educational level of diploma or lower. Prior knowledge of the impact of cupping (46.3%) and friend's recommendation (37.9%) was the more frequent motivations. 35.3% of patients were very satisfied and 48.9% were satisfied. The main cause of satisfaction was feeling of exhilaration and lightness (54.4%) after bloodletting. None of the agents had any significant relationship with satisfaction.
This study showed high satisfaction with bloodletting in Yazd. Prior knowledge of the impact of cupping and friend's recommendation was the more frequent motivations. Further studies in other provinces and the role of cupping in different diseases are recommended.

Background and Medicinal herbs have a special position in providing health communities', prevention and treatment of diseases that are important. Kurdistan province is one of genetic reserves for medicinal herbs and it is one of the diversity of medical plants in the country. there are many herbal and traditional market of the province where the supply of medical plants shows the interest of the people of this land. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate supply of medicinal plants and properties of supplier were conducted in the city of Sanandaj.
Methods and Materials: In this research, professional characteristics of the supplier and the supplier's knowledge of medicinal plants in the late 2014 and early 2015 grocery review has been done by city of Sanandaj and 20 unit of distributors were as Statistical Society in this study. In order to collect data from documents and field methods to design questionnaires were used. The questionnaires was confirmed by experts and professors and guidance study selected by ten of grocery outside the scope of research the final survey was conducted to measure. The Cranach's alpha after making the necessary changes was (α=85%) which it shows the endure of research's tool.
The research showed that the samples of middle-level in the field of medicinal plants are possessed and more than 75% of cases are more or less in the classes have participated. The best–selling herbs in grocery were borage, turmeric, chamomile, cinnamon, mint, dill, pune , thyme. Most patients referred from the lower middle class, they have been for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, colds, headaches and heart. More plants in the provinces of Kordestan and Kermanshah was prepared medicinal herbs sellers.
In general, the most important factors have seen in the lack of full awareness samples non-participations in training courses is for various reasons. Certainly adopt appropriate training programs by relevant organs especially Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services and also Jihad Agriculture in Province can contribute to development of city grocery.

Background and Iran as a vast country has different people and customs containing valuable trove of traditional medicine preserved over the generations and achieving them could be possible only through questionnaires and their using method should be asked from different Ethnic groups. Ethnobotanical study is a new valuable guide to identify medicinal plants and herbal medicines. The aim of this study is to identify and evaluate ethnobotany of some of the Birjand city medicinal plants widely used by local people in the treatment and prevention of diseases.
Methods and Materials: The research method is based on field surveys, beliefs and local people traditions and documentary studies. Introduced species from different areas, according to local people. Species were collected from different parts of Birjand city, detected using reliable resources and then dried as herbarium specimens. For each species, the scientific name, local name, current treatment of plant and used parts was designed.
The results of this study were 36 species of medicinal plants in 22 families. The highest number of species were identified in Family Asteraceae and Lamiaceae, each of them including 5species. The Most used part of the plants in this study was leaf. and the appliance of the used herbs was in gastrointestinal and urinary disorders. The majority of identified medicinal plants, were rangeland species.
Given the diversity of medicinal plants in the region and the importance of medicinal plants used in the pharmaceutical industry in the country, it is better to protect these valuable resources therefore proper operations should be done to prevent their loss and extinction.

Background and Herbal medicine has been core of health system of ancient civilization in the entire world. Along to socioeconomically status changes, this aspect of human cultural heritage could be forgotten, therefore ethnobotanical surveys should be done to keep this historical knowledge. So, our study has been conducted for documentation of ethnobotanical information in some part of Iran.
Methods and Materials: This study was conducted as descriptive survey. The plants were collected, scientifically identified from Fereydunshahr (Isfahan province, Iran), in 2014-2015 and deposited in the Herbarium Division of School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Fifteen local herbalist were interviewed to collect their information about these plants (such as local names and traditional application).
127 Voucher specimens were prepared scientifically and their local medicinal usages were reported. Sixteen of which were studied comparatively and their usages in the folk and traditional medicine were compared.
Ethnobotanical surveys seem to be necessary to facilitate new approach in the rational phytotherapy and Iran has high capacity for improvement of this field of medicine.

Black pepper with more than 4000 years history of culture and consumption in India is a shrub which spherical fruits are considered as an important spice in all over the world. From the view of Iranian traditional medicine, it has hot and dry temperament and is used for phlegmatic diseases from different organs such as respiratory tract, gastrointestinal system, muscles, and joints. This plant does not exist in Iran and it is imported to Iran from India and Pakistan every year. Evaluation of traditional medicine and botany literatures shows that black pepper is corresponding to Piper nigrum L.