نشریه طب انتظامی
سال پنجم شماره 5 (پیاپی 20، زمستان 1395)

Scientific evaluation of trauma patients should follow a logical order and notice to all probable causes of shock can be life saving for all trauma patients.
Case Report: In this case report¡ a 30-year-old man was referred to the hospital by Emergency Medical Services because of penetrating trauma to the pelvis caused by gunshot. During Primary Survey because of muffle heart sounds¡ cardiac bedside ultrasonography was performed and pericardial effusion and right ventricle diastolic collapse were found which are symptoms for cardiac tamponade. Then pericardiocenthesis was immediately performed and after putting a catheter in the pericardium¡ patient was transferred to the operating room. Rupture of the bladder¡ bowel¡ sigmoid and diaphragm in the abdomen and pericardium and epicardium in the chest were treated by the surgeon after 3 times of surgery. During follow-up period patient had no long term sequel.
At the beginning¡ the cause of shock seemed to be hemorrhagic shock but after diagnostic peritoneal aspiration (DPA)¡ it was ruled out and heart sounds and bedside cardiac sonography that is part of ATLS protocol at last caused to diagnosis of pericardial tamponade due to gunshot pericardium and epicardium injury.

Aim: The purpose of this study was the prediction of high-risk driving perception based on the driving behavioral components.
The method of this research was correlation and the population included 2700 drivers whose cars were detained due to high-risk driving in Tehran. The sample consisted of 460 high-risk drivers who were selected through convenience sampling method. In order of gathering the data 2 questionnaires of Manchester driving behavior and driving risk perception were used. Then, the methods of statistics (such as correlation and regression) were used for data analysis.
Results showed that driving behavioral components can predict high-risk driving perception & there is a significant relationship between driving behavior and high-risk driving perception.
The behavioral components, errors and intentional violations have the greatest impact on risk perception and also driving risk perception can be predicted based on the components of driving behavior.

Internet is an essential and routinely used tool for communication, information and entertainment. Some psychological and counseling theories have proved effective in preventing and reducing various kinds of addictions like internet addiction. The present study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of group counseling based on Choice Theory on reducing internet addiction among Police Staff‘s children studying in high school.
The design of this study was pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population included all Police Staff‘s children studying in high school in Saveh in 2012-2013. Participants were 30 addicted students who were selected through Convenience method and assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. Data were collected through instrument of Young’s Internet Addiction Test Scale (1996) for high school students. Then subjects in experimental group participated in eight group counseling sessions based on Choice Theory, but the students in control group received no kind of instruction.
The results were analyzed using the covariance test. It showed group counseling based on Choice Theory could decrease internet addiction among high school male students in experimental group (p In General, the results of the research suggested that group counseling based on Choice Theory could significantly decrease internet addiction among children of Iran's Police Force personnel.

One of the ways to control and reduce social harms and crimes is to provide on time counseling services which can also be effective in promoting public health. The Law Enforcement Force of Iran has provided the potential of preventing social problems and of facilitating the delivery of services through setting up counseling and social work centers. So the present study aimed to survey the condition of these social work and counseling services, during six years (2008 to 2013).
In this descriptive longitudinal study, the characteristics of the clients, their problems and provided counseling and social work services of the police stations were studied and analyzed during 6 years. The data were collected from the documents of the clients in the Department of Counseling and Social Work of the police of the whole country and were analyzed by descriptive statistics in the two contexts of counseling and social work centers of the police stations.
The results revealed that the number of women receiving services is growing; the mean of age range of clients was 28 - 35; the highest percentage of the clients were married; family problems were the most common cause of refering; receiving the legal and counseling hotline services has been growing; and finally about half of clients refer to police stations due to their problems with relatives.
Due to the feminizations of the given services; the great number of married clients and accordingly family bonding; and also high frequency of family problems, major changes in the structure of service providing, educating experts and interaction between organizations to improve the quality of services are necessary. So these modifications need revaluating, planning and making policies appropriate to the clients.

Retirement is concerned as an important transition playing an effective role in life on which has a signiificant influence. Retirment is usually alonge with anxiety and other psychological problems. The main aim of the present study was to compare the general health in the high rank police officers before and after retirement in order to provide the enhencement of health psychology of the police officers.
Statistical population of the study consisted of all the high rank police officers occupied at the latest two years of their careers and also the high rank police officers who had been retired during the recent four years among which 120 retired and 50 would-be retired police officers were selected through Convenience Sampling method and filled the questionnaire of GHQ. Data were analyzed by Manova and other statistical methods.
Results revealed that the group of officers who were going to retire in the next two years significatly showed higher scores than both gorups of retired officers (with and without jobs) in GHQ. It indicated that the group of officers who were going to retire in the next two years was healthlier than the two other groups.
According to the findings, it can be concluded that having a job may preserve health psychology of individuals who come to retire and prevent them from negative effects of retirement in high rank police offices.

The present study was conducted with the aim of considering the effectiveness of Religious–Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on organizational commitment and organizational effectiveness of Lorestan province officers.
The research design was clinical trials with pretest-posttest and control group. In this study, 40 police officers in Lorestan province were selected by using random sampling method and were assigned in 2 experimental group (n=20) and control group (n=20). Then the Demographic Questionnaire and Tseng organizational commitment and effectiveness questionnaire were administrated on both groups as pretest. Then the experimental group received 12 sessions of Religious–Based cognitive-behavioral therapy and the control group did not receive any intervention. In the end, post-test was administrated on both groups and, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency, frequency percentage and inferential indices such as analyzing multivariate analysis of covariance with SPSS-20 software were used.
The results of the present study indicated that after administrated religious–based cognitive-behavioral therapy, there were significant differences between the control and experimental groups (p Considering the result of present study, it can be recommended that in order to promote the organizational commitment and effectiveness of police officers and other organization's employees, training and treatment courses be designed and held periodically.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy on cases with major depression and suicide attempt.
The methodology of this research study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test. For the sake of this study, available sample of 14 patients diagnosed with major depression who have had at least one suicidal attempt were selected from NAJA Imam Sajjad hospital and divided randomly into two groups of test and control, with seven cases in each group. Research procedure was a clinical trial. Patients were assessed using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI- II). The test group underwent five sessions of reality therapy. The control group only received drug therapy. In the end, both groups filled up the Beck Depression Inventory once again. After data collection and control for pre-test, data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistical index and compared using single variable ANCOVA.
The results showed that, although both reality therapy and drug therapy had an impact on reducing depression, but reality therapy was more effective, so that the recovery index for depression variables had a lower average in reality therapy group compared with drug therapy group; and reality therapy in comparison with drug therapy had statistically larger effect on reducing depression of suicidal attempts at the significant level of (P Considering the results of this study, it is suggested that the intervention of reality therapy treatment be used to reduce depression of the individuals with suicide attempt.

The goal of this study is to investigate underlying etiologies of probable sport and combat injuries in female students at levels of Associate degree and Bachelor of science at Police education institution for women; and to compare types of injuries based on anatomical location of injury; and to investigate the probable factors mediating injury during military-combat education.
This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Study sample consisted of 98 official female Police students. This study used Demographics data, Nordic questionnaire, physical examination and the physical fitness test results at the onset and end of military-sport education course. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software (AWT IMAGE=0.05).
End results show that at the course’s end, 79 of subjects had diminished heath status in at least one part of musculoskeletal system in comparison with the onset. Instances of injuries were correspondingly more frequent in spine, lower limb, and upper limb. Knee injury was the most prevalent injury in first year of education; but in next years and at the end, lumbar injuries were most prevalent. Facilitating factors in descending order included: soft tissue disorders, joint disorders, gynecologic problems, physiologic disorders, and skeletal problems. External factors of injury in descending order included: military activity, sports, and living conditions of dormitory. The relationship between demographic measures and occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries was statistically insignificant.
Findings of this study shows that combat and sport activities during education and living conditions in the dormitory are influential factors in occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world. Surgery is the most effective colorectal cancer treatment. However, cancer recurrence occurs in 30 to 40% of patients after surgery. The aim of recent studies is the diagnosis of cancer recurrence in the shortest time possible, during the asymptomatic stage, because the possibility of successful cancer treatment could be increased at this stage. Advances in molecular biology have led to the introduction of tumor biomarkers and personalization of risk assessment for the cancer patients. The aim of this review article is to collect the information about current methods for predicting the recurrence of colorectal cancer. Methods for predicting cancer recurrence include: level of carcinoembryonic antigen, microsatellite instability, expression level ofcolon cancer metastasis-associated gene-1, Plastin-3, Retinoic acid induced-3, MicroRNA-29c, colorectal cancer stem cell markers, Oncotype DX Colon Cancer Assay, Coloprint®, molecular relapse prediction tools, concurrent methylation in NEUROG1 and CDKN2A (p16), S100A2 and S100A10 gene expression, and employing quick, simple, and reliable diagnostic tests. It is also noteworthy that defects in MMR pathway affect the recurrence of colorectal cancer. By collecting this information, we hope to have played a role in finding an effective method for early prediction of colorectal cancer recurrence, and therefore on its treatment outcome.