نشریه اکوبیولوژی تالاب
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 27، بهار 1395)

Information about the degradative dynamicsof Wetlands is important because these natural ecosystems provide numerous vital services for both terrestrial and aquatic systems. In addition to supplying of water, food and other materials, the supporting benefits of wetlands for people livelihoods directly and indirectly via regulation (e. g. flood mitigation, water quality regulation) and or recreational/culturalcan be substantial. Because of water use, contaminants input and land use change, the Zeribar wetland, northwest of Iran, have undergone remarkable losses and changes in its water area and structure in recent decades, with undesirable consequences for this ecosystem and the communities that depend upon it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nature and magnitude of these changes from 1977 to 2014 using TM, MSS and ETM+ landsat images. The images were preprocessed and corrected atmospherically and geomaticaly prior to classification upon on water layers, wetland margin, agriculture lands, sparse forest, and dense forest using maximum likelihood classification, parallel piped classification, and minimum distance to means algorithms. The results of temporal processing of the data maps showed a 15% loss in water area and 21% increase in wetland margin area from 1977 to 2014, while, 44.99% loss in dense forest and versus 38% and 43% increase in sparse forest and agriculture usage, respectively, was also detected. Our findings revealed high level degradation in Zeribar wetland resulted in intensive change in its components such as plant cover and water area into eutrophication and shaping an environmental crisis during this short-term 37-year period. Therefore, it is necessary the wetland managers and decision-makers to revise their view, and to more focus on social, environmental and economical issues of the Zeribar Wetland stakeholders in their managemental framework than before.

In this study the conservation and reviving strategies for Bakhtegan wetland located in Fars province was developed by using SWOT analysis. Moreover, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and Fuzzy-TOPSIS method was used for ranking the strategies. The data in the field of Bakhtegan Lake state and revive methods, was collected from decision makers in 2015. Then the strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and threats of Bakhtegan wetland revive were survived. According to study results, the internal factors contain the strengths (6 factors) and Weaknesses (10 factors) and the external factor contain Opportunities (4 factors) and threats (6 factors). Finally, 10 strategies contain 2 SO strategies, 2 ST strategies, 3 WO strategies and 3 WT strategies, were formulated and prioritizing to revive Bakhtegan wetland. Training, planning and informing about Bakhtegan wetland state and Promoting stakeholders’ participation in reviving process, is placed at the high rank of all the formulated strategies.

In this investigation the effects of Camellia sinensis as a phytobiotic on the blood factors of the Cyprinuscarpio was examined. For this purpose 360 juvenile Cyprinuscarpio with the average weight of 22±1g were selected and after being adapted to the environment, the fish were stored in 12 tanks (30 fish in each tank). The Camellia sinensis was added to the diet in three levels 1.5% (treatment 2) 3% (treatment 3) and 5% (treatment 4) and the diet without Camellia sinensis was used for the control group (treatment 1). Each treatment repeated 3 times a day. The fish were fed 3% of their weight. At the end of the 45 day treatment period, 15 fish were randomly selected from each treatment and their blood sample was taken from the caudal vein. The hematology factors including differential red blood cells, white blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobulin had significant difference white compare to other treatments (P<0/05), and maximum amount of them in 1.5% treatment was equal to 7.95±1.19, 43.73±4.78 and 6.74±0.74, respectively. However, amount of white blood cells was not affected by experimental factors (P>0.05) and minimum of it (1.68±0.21) was related to 5% green tea treatment. In general, that prescribing Camellia sinensis at 1.5% level orally stimulates some non-specific blood and immune factors and it can be used as the immunity stimulant for the juvenile Cyprinuscarpio.

Water Pollution by pesticides is one of the major environmental problems that observe in the surface water of Gilan province because of increasing usage of pesticide due to agriculture development and resitance pest. Polroud River is one of the most important rivers in the eastern of Guilan. There are vast paddy fields in this catchment and a large amount of the organophosphorous pesticides wich drained to the Caspian Sea. Diazinon is one of the well-known pesticide in this area in order to control of ChiloSuppressalis.In current research, the concentration of Diazinon in water, sediment and Sambucusnigra was analysed, Samples were gathered from five stations during two seasons, spring (June) and summer (July, August)of 2012. The water sampels were extracted by solid phasetechnique and then all extracted samples were analyzed by GC-NPD.Finally,obtained data were analyzed by using ANOVA and T-TEST statistical methods.According to the analysis results, Diazinon concentration was negligible in the water, plants and sediment samples during the spring . The maximum concentration of Diazinon(0/75 (l/ug in water sampels was observed in station 3 at summer.Based on the statistical analysis, there was a significant difference between Diazinon concentration in water, plants and sediment samples in summer.

Current information about the quality of water resources is highly important in preservation, planning and management of these resources. Gazroudbar River with a length of 61.73 km flows into the international wetland of Anzali. This study aimed to assess the water quality of this river by using and comparing NSFWQI and Liou indices. In this study dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, pH, nitrate, temperature, total phosphorus, total solids, fecal coliform, turbidity, suspended solids and ammonium were measured based on “Standard Methods”. Sampling was done during 12 months (from September 2014 until August 2015) in five selected stations. The results of this study showed that the monthly average of NSFWQI index values were in the range of 50.4-60 and the monthly average of Liou index values were in the range of 1.1-3.85. According to the results of these indices, the first station had the best quality (NSFWQI=64.6, Liou=1.4) and the forth station had the worth quality (NSFWQI=49.25, Liou=3.73). According to the NSFWQI index, the water quality of the Gazroudbar River is within the category of medium (50-70) and based on the Liou index, the water quality is in the category of slightly polluted (2-3). According to the results, garbage dump, depletion of household, rural and urban wastewater, agricultural drain water, and animal waste into the river as well as a low river discharge are the main reasons to have an unsuitable water quality in the studied stations.

Weather conditions in the region is an important factor in tourism development. The status of climate choosing the right place, right time and plan for how to spend their leisure time can be very useful for tourists. Climatic factors such as rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration, air pollution and so on are very important in the taking place of.tourists. This study was performed to evaluate and find the right time, provide the best conditions for tourism in the lagoon flows. For this study, cilimatological data of 15 years (1378 to 1392) was used from synoptic station in Marivan. Tourism climate index (TCI) was used as an tourism development index .The results showed that the cold months ( January, February and March ) due to the decrease in temperature and rain and snow creates unfavorable conditions for tourism and the warm months ( May to October ) due to favorable conditions are reasonable time for tourism development.

Body shape of fishes is an important indicator of habitat selection and swimming behavior. Carassin as a non-native fish in Iran has an ability to adapt to various environmental conditions of its habitats. This study was conducted to investigate the body shape phenotypic plasticity of Carassin in two lentic and lotic conditions using geometric morphometric method. A total of 67 specimens of Carassin were captured from the Sefidrood River and Alagol Lake by electrofishing. Left side of specimens were photographed using digital camera and fifteen landmarks points were digitized on two-dimensional images using TpsDig2. Landmark data after GPA, analyzed using DFA and Manova and the patterns of body shape differences between two populations were illustrated in wireframe graph. Results revealed significant differences between the body shape of two studied populations (P<0.0001). Results, also, showed that the Sefidrood population has larger body depth, head, and shorter caudal peduncle than those of Alagol Lake. Finding of this study could confirm phenotypic plasticity response of Carassin to environmental features. Because of a short period from introduction of this fish to Iranian freshwater ecosystems, environmental features of carassin's habitats should be considered as main factor leading the morphological divergence than genetic ones.