نشریه اکوبیولوژی تالاب
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 20، تابستان 1393)

Wetland ecosystems are dynamic and productive habitats, which support high biodiversity. Identifying of birds habitat and their needs, especially those are in vulnerable situation is more importance for protection, management programs and continuous monitoring. This study done in Shirinsoo lagoon with an area of 15 hectares and average elevation of 1873 meters a.s.l. Identifying, counting and recording of composition of aquatic migratory birds’ populations in the study area done by randome sampling one week per month during year of 2011 – 2012. Variation in number of species was the core part of sampling process. SDR-IV, BioDiversityPro and CAP 4.0 softwares used for data analysis. The species diversity calculated using Simpson, Shannon-wiener and Brillouin and evenness calculated using Simpson, Smith and Wilson and Camargo indexes. Diagram sort of Renyi biodiversity method showed most variety accurse in autumn. In addition, SHE analysis indicated that affect factors on the species diversity numerical index were richness and diversity components. According to the results, totalbirds of the shirinsoo lagoon are 2725 bird individuals from 54 bird species. According to the results, the largest population of migratory species observed in the November and the lowest one recorded in the February. This study indicated that largest population is Chlidoniasleucoptera with a number of 295 and the lowest one is Grus grus and Gallinulachloropus with observed population of only one individual during the whole year.

In most regions, rivers are not only a supplier of various uses of water, but they acts as the natural channels of transmission wastewater and sewage produced, So checking the quality of river water is important. The present study done based on analysis of water quality data at Shooshtar and Bandeqir stations located in Gargar river among 2002 to 2012 in Khuzestan province by drawing diagrams Piper and Wilcox, calculated residual sodium carbonate (RSC), the percentage of sodium occurred, and conducted to determine the trend in the data which has been used by Mann Kendall. To examine the correlation structure and the relationship between variables, method of principal component analysis (PCA) used. The results showed that the water of Gargar was kind of brackish water and it is heading to chloride. In addition, check the water quality of rivers based on RSC and Percent sodium indicated terms of theRSC water quality of stations in both is suitable for agriculture and the percentage of sodium water quality in Shushtar Station is appropriate and in Bndeghir station is unsuitable for agriculture. Study of trend quality parameters indicated Parameters Residual salts, electrical conductivity, bicarbonate, chloride and calcium have a significant ascending trend and Parameters, pH and flow rate have decreased significantly at the 99% level and along the river due to the entry of pollutants into the river and leads to reduce the water quality. In addition, The PCA results indicated the most important water quality parameters in the river Gargari, Parameters are SAR, SO4 and HCO3. baised on land use which is urban, and agriculture. Suggest that the use of fertilizer and agricultural fertilizers and sewage entering the River Shushtar Gargar, determining the cause the most three important parameters in determining the cause as the most important parameter in determining the water quality of the river.

This study was conducted to survey the phenotypic variation in four populations of Urmia kingfish (Alburnusatropatenae)using Elliptic Fourier Analysis. Hence, a total number of 163 specimens wassampled from the four Rivers of the Urmia basin including the Baneh, Saghezchai, Siminehrood and Zarinehrood rivers. The left sides of specimens were photographed. Then, the outline curve was drawn using TpsDig2 software and resampled to equal distances with 150 points. TPS data was converted to a readable file format for EPA analysis in EFAWIN software and EFA analysis was carried out with opting 17 shape harmonics (with 2 constants and four coefficients per harmonic). Data analyzed by PCA and CVA/Manova analysis. A significant difference between studied populations in terms of body shape was seen. Based on cluster analysis, the studied populations according to their body shape divided into (1) Zarinehrood and (2) Saghezchai, Siminehrood and Baneh branches.Based on results,the Bane, Siminehrood and Saqghezchai population distinguished due to having smallhead size and caudal peduncle and The Zarinehrood population due to bearing larger head and caudal peduncle was. In addition, TheBaneh and Saghezchai population copared to TheZarinehrood and Siminehrood populationspossessgreater caudal peduncle and body depth.The observed morphological variation can display phenotypic plasticity among studied populations as result of environmental conditions of their habitats and geographical isolation.

One of the challenging issues for most of the world's societies is environmental crises. Drought is one of the climatic phenomena and disastrous events, which is different from other natural crises. Each time of the occurrence of this phenomenon has been accompanied by serious damage to different economic and social sectors. Objective of the present work was to prioritize the hazardscaused by drying-up of Maharlou Wetland and investigate its outcome in the environment surrounding the mentioned area. Unprecedented Maharlou Wetland in Fars Province, which is also called a lake, is located near Shiraz and Sarvestan cities with the geographical situation of 29° and 10' to 29° and 40' north and 52° and 30' to 53° east. First, field observations were conducted in the area and then Delphi questionnaire was used to determine the hazards caused by drying-up of Maharlou Wetland. Considering the occurrence probability and vulnerability rate of the studied area considering each of these hazards, a risk matrix was completed. Results showed that increased temperature, variation in land use, drop in static level of wells, and drying-up of springs on top of the diagonal of the matrix were among the most important hazards. Moreover, reduced environmental humidity, increased salinity, contamination caused by drying-up of industrial wastewater were among the other hazards.

This studyinvestigated variations in diversity and abundance of wintering waterfowls and waders in four different parts of Anzali international wetland (East, West ,Central and Siahkieshim) in northern Iran based on 8 years of mid –winter census (2006-2007 and 2009 -2014). During this period, 70 species of waterbirds and waders winteringidentified in this wetland. Highest number of birds was observed in 2014 and lowest in 2005 with 125427 and 68953 individuals respectively both occurring in Choukam. Anatidae family was the dominant group among waterbirds with 19 species and average 65.99 ±6.52 percent of total migratory population. Margalef and Menhinick's richness indices peaked in 2013 and 2006 respectively. Highest species diversity, based on Shannon-wiener and Simpson indices found in 2009. Species evenness index showed the peak in 2005 using Camargo index whereas it was the highest in 2009 and 2010 calculated by Simpson index. Highest diversity and density found in Central part of Anzali wetland in each year and in terms of Morista Index and PCA test, we found highest similarity in central and east parts of the wetland during the study period.The survey showed, despite threats and problems of Anzali wetland in recent years, changing diversity and density waterfowls and waders emphasizing on temperature condition was always in fluctuation.

Heavy metals dont disintegrate by microbial process, are persistent and storage pollutants. Sediments are inseparable fractions of wetland ecosystems that work as a historical archive in record of heavy metal aggregation changes process. So in this research, sediments of Mighan Wetland were evaluated from aspect of quantity of heavy metal pollution. For this purpose, in year of 2013 after review of region, 11 stations were selected random, and in one stage from every station, 3 sediment samples were picked up. After preparing and digesting the sediments, concentrations of evaluating heavy metals in samples were measured by atomic absorption. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 19.0 statistical package. Results showed that average concentration of Fe in all sampling stations had meaningful difference and average concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cu except in several stations, in rest of stations showed meaningful difference. Also, comparing the average concentration of evaluating elements with WHO permissible limits showed more values than standard for iron and copper elements. Finally, with calculating geochemical Muller index, sediments of Mighan Wetland from aspect of all heavy metals pollution, with Igeo value

The Dez Dam reservoir with capacity of 3.3×109 m3water is one of theimportant dams of Iran. It has been constructed for multipurpose applications on the DezRiver in the 25 km northeast of Dezful. Because of the role of this dam on the floods control of the DezRiver, irrigation of large areas of Khuzestan plain lands and its importance in the production of electricity evaluation of water quality in this dam seems necessary. This study carried out for assessment of water quality inthe interior and reservoir, also for evaluation effects of dam on the output water to its regulatory. The National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) and British Columbia Water Quality Index (BCWQI) characteristics of water studied. For these purpose, five sampling stations selected. Sampling done during the four seasons (once in each season May, August, November and February) in 2012 year. The certain parameters including: nitrate, phosphate, BOD, TDS, pH, turbidity, fecal coliform, dissolved oxygen and temperature measured for each sample. Considering the classification system of water quality, our NSFWQI results are indicating that all stations at different seasons canclassified in the second class as good. On the other hand, according to BCWQI results different stations classified in the range of first to third categories as suitable to excellent. These results expressed more validity of NSFWQI method on BCWQI.

Dust from natural hazards is an important phenomenon that is natural and human causes. Dust of Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Jordan, Syria, and Iran reinforced in the South West and causing damage to numerous economic, social, agricultural and so on. This study done in year of 1391 on Ahvaz city dust site testing the laboratory has been Khorasan Science and Technology Park. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between soil textures in Ahvaz dust of wetlands and determine the origin dust Hoorolazim and the factors affecting the wetland destruction. Materials for this research areDust sample of 100 grams, satellite images and maps of the geology and topography Hoorolazim 1:50000 and 1:250000 and 1:100000 Ahvaz, as well as the geological map of Iraq and SPSS software to analyze the data statistically. The dust samples analyzed in laboratory with X-ray method, so the tissue of dust was determined and compared with the soil type of Hoorolazim bed Interpretation of satellite images and maps of the geology. Then the soils and factors affecting on degradation of Hoorolazimdustidentified. Data related to the moisture and the occurrence of Ahwaz dustalso using Spearman correlation andKendall, investigated. The findings showed that the mineral content of the tissue samples of dust Hoorolazim Ahwaz and wetland is Calcite and Quartz. Humidity and dust between days in the city, there is a significant relationship.The average particles diameter was 16/6 microns, which is a sign of fine-grained sediment. Similar result obtained with sample of the mineral soil of Hoorolazim wetland bed, Reverse of humidity and dust as well as a number of days, showing the destruction of vegetation and wetlands of Hoorolazim is reduced.With-increasing humidity, days of dust decreases and viceversa. Hoorolazimwetland is one of the centers of Ahvaz Dust.